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Item Open Access Development of a predictive model for crime investigation and emergency response system(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-05) Robert, Buki OladeleEnsuring public safety through efficient crime investigation and emergency response is crucial in today's complex world. This study presents a predictive model for an integrated Crime Investigation and Emergency Response System, leveraging data-driven analysis, advanced machine learning algorithms, and modern Information Technology (IT). The research aims to enhance law enforcement and emergency response protocols, recognizing the critical role of IT in managing critical incidents. The study addresses challenges in crime investigation, particularly violent offenses, by employing machine learning strategies incorporating regression and classification techniques. The primary objective is to uncover patterns and insights to predict perpetrator characteristics such as age, gender, and their relationship with the victim. Through comprehensive data analysis of a dataset containing 638,454 crime records from 1980 to 2014, the research identified 190,282 unsolved crimes, with approximately 100,000 involving handguns. The Municipal Police agency reported the highest number of unsolved crimes, highlighting the need for improved investigative tools. The predictive model's performance was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, demonstrating a remarkable accuracy with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 95%. The model exhibited high accuracy rates in predicting the perpetrator's gender (96%) and relationship with the victim (97%), significantly outperforming an existing model. These results underscore the potential of the developed predictive model to enhance law enforcement capabilities and emergency response procedures. The study recommends further integration of data-centric approaches in public safety operations to improve efficiency and outcomes. .Item Open Access Effects of building materials price instability on successful housing projects delivery in Owerri, Imo State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-12) Nwachukwu, Matthias Nnabuihehe study examined the Effects of Building Material Price Instability on Successful housing Project Delivery in Owerri Imo State. This was carried out to investigate the impact of unstable building material price situations on the successful housing project completion; in terms of cost, duration and quality of construction projects by Rast Engineering ltd., Ebuzo Construction Services Ltd., and Bodos Contractor, all in Owerri, Imo State. After the background of the study and statement of the problem, three research objectives as well as research questions and two subsequent hypotheses were formulated. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this thesis. A total of seventy three (73) respondents were used for this study to represent the entire population of the study and a sample size of sixty two (62) was derived using the Yaro Yameni formula for sample size determination from a finite population. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sourced from journal, internet, textbook, etc. Data were presented in tables and analysed using the Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Statistics. The findings from this study will provide solutions to the problems of building materials price instability in relation to successful housing projects delivery in Imo State. The result of this study can assist construction industry practitioners to focus attention on the identified determinants so as to control the prices of building material. This research will expand the knowledge of researchers on the nature of building material price instability and its adverse effect on successful housing project delivery and the economy of Nigeria. The study recommends that every organization should have strategies role out and agendas to ensure that the causes of building material price instability are solved to mitigate the lagging effect of price variations on project delivery. It was also recommended that the Government should formulate a standing policy that will discourage the use of imported building materials and also engage professionals in research and fabrication. PItem Open Access Phytochemical analysis and biocidal effects of orange peel and garlic extract on contaminated grains(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-05) Olaitan, Micheal OluwaseunThis study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antifungal effects of orange-peel and garlic extract on contaminated grains. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of bioactive compounds in the extracts. The results of the preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the orange-peel and garlic extract contained various metabolites; polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, steroids, antinutrients at varied quantities. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of orange-peel and garlic extracts were determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the DPPH, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide free radical, total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant property. The radical scavenging activities exhibited concentration-dependent responses, with garlic and orange-peel extracts demonstrating significant scavenging potentials for various radicals. However, their activities generally plateaued at higher concentrations, suggesting a limit to their scavenging capacities. The extracts exhibited lower scavenging activities compared to ascorbic acid and BHT. Orange-peel extract had the highest FRAP activity at 5 mg/ml, while garlic extract showed a steadier increase in FRAP activity with increasing concentration. Both extracts demonstrated lower TAC concentrations than ascorbic acid. Extracts were assessed for their effectiveness against two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium notatum). Garlic extract exhibited potent antifungal properties, inhibiting the growth of both fungi, while orange-peel extract showed copious growth inhibition. The combined effect of the extracts showed scanty growth. The findings from the study suggest that each of these extracts possess antioxidant properties and also highlights their potential as natural agents for fungal control in stored grains.Item Open Access Strategies for managing project constraints for successful implementation of Niger Delta Development Commission rural development projects(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-02) Onyema, Ofuruiche Val-ObiajuluThe study explored the strategies for managing project constraints in the implementation of Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) Rural Development Projects (RDP) in Abia State. Coping with constraints in the implementation of NDDC projects in the rural communities of Abia State will proffer avenue for improved standards of living and enhanced quality of life for the rural dwellers. The field survey research design and judgmental sampling techniques were used. The primary data used for the study were obtained from target respondents who are the experts and professionals from NDDC; and other stakeholders among the rural dwellers. The instrument used for data collection and measurements were well structured questionnaire modeled in likert five point’s scale. The methods of data analysis were relative severity index, (RSI) Earned Value Analysis (EVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of RSI uncovered that environmental and socio-economic constraints are the severest and most significant hindrance to implementation of NDDC RDP in Abia State. The EVA result discovered that almost all NDDC projects were not realized within their budgeted time and cost due to non-application of systematic strategies for management of project constraints. RDP suffered cost and time overruns at every stage of completion status. The results and findings from MRA and hypotheses testing infer that transparent collaboration, application of project management best practices, risk management and scope change management are the most decisive strategies that will enhance management of constraints in the implementation of NDDC RDP in Abia State. The study recommends seamless communication among stakeholders, transparency and collaboration, and economic empowerment of the rural populace, through the provision of formal education and skills acquisition at the grass root level.Item Open Access Optimization of screw production using deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-03) Ndukwe, Chidiogo DanielThis research proposed a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based technique for the detection of micro defects on metal screw surfaces. Defects considered include surface damage, surface dirt, and stripped screws. Images of metal screws with different types of defects were collected using industrial cameras, which were then employed to train the designed deep CNN. To enable efficient detection, I first located screw surfaces in the pictures captured by the cameras, so that the images of screw surfaces could be extracted, which were then inputted into the CNN-based defect detector. Experiment results showed that the proposed technique could achieve a detection accuracy of 97%; the average detection time per picture is 1.2 seconds. Comparisons with traditional machine vision techniques, e.g., template matching-based techniques, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed deep CNN-based one. Furthermore, it could be seen that the accuracy of the proposed DCNN was much higher than the traditional LeNet-5 at the beginning of the network training and the accuracy of the training was to 100% with 550 iterations and about 100% accuracy was achieved with 800 iterations.Item Open Access Analysis of the contributing factors to construction schedule overrun in selected public sector projects in Imo State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-10) Opara, Godswill NgoziThis work seeks to analyze the Contributing Factors to Construction Schedule Overrun in Selected Public Sector Projects in Imo State. The objectives are to: determine and analyze the factors responsible for project schedule overrun in construction projects in Imo State; examine possible individual and collective significant effects of the factors on successful project delivery; examine the impact of schedule overrun on construction projects and; identify the causes of schedule overrun in construction projects and proffer workable solution to them. Questionnaire was developed using the 5-point Likert scale for the collection of primary data. Multiple regression analysis was adopted for the analysis of the collected data. The result obtained shows that government policies and project funding/finance, are significant factors that contribute to construction projects schedule overrun while project technology, force majeure and corruption are not significant. Funding/finance has the highest ranking, project technology ranks the least. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that proper planning should be encouraged; government policies and programmes should be made in such a way that favours timely execution of projects. Adequate financial provisions should be made available to contractors by the government. The use of local raw materials should be encouraged in the execution of contracts. The selection of contractors and other major stakeholders should be based on competence and realistic tender quotations. All efforts should be made to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of design modifications during the project execution.Item Open Access Development of microcontroller-based energy management systems for medical facility(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-05) Ugwu, Kenneth UkachukwuTo conserve energy and to prevent frequent power outages due to overload or partial loss of supply on medical facilities that require uninterrupted power, a microcontroller – based medical facility energy management system is developed. Smart energy management system (EMS) basically monitors and controls loads and energy supplies to connected facilities. In medical facilities, there are critical loads and non – critical loads depending on functionalities required. Critical loads should never be turned off or loose supply while non – critical loads may be turned on or off depending on the power consumption and supply pattern. In practice, various combinations of load management and conservation measures are targeted at energy efficiency such as power factor corrections, rescheduling and combination of energy storage mechanisms. The functionalities implemented for electrical load management in this work are load prioritization, load scheduling, load add, and load shed. In addition, an algorithm for the determination of system loading condition such as normal load, under load and overload as well as automated load adding, and load scheduling schemes based on the operating conditions and customer’s priority are developed. A C++ program is developed to achieve this algorithm. Furthermore, this thesis explores the potential cost savings associated with integrating an Arduino, a current sensor, and an Automatic Transfer System (ATS) into energy management, as seen in Figure 3.3. This is one of the most reliable and economical ways to improve the reliability and quality of the power supply. The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu was used as a case study. The result of this practical experiment shows that this scheme can improve distributional load management by reducing power change over time, loss of lives and great saving in cost of operation.Item Open Access Work, stress information technology and employee performance of independent national electoral commission (INEC) in Imo State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-05) Enamuotor, RussellThe study investigated the relationship between work stress, information technology, and employee performance of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in Imo State Nigeria. The study used a correlational survey design and questionnaire as instruments for data collection using a five-point Likert scale. The total population was 342 (Three Hundred and Forty-Two) permanent and ad hoc personnel. The sample size of 184 was obtained using the Taro Yamane formula. Bowley’s allocation formula was used in the distribution of the questionnaire using simple random sampling techniques. Research hypothesis one was tested using a bivariate correlation method with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Research hypotheses two, three, and four were tested and analysed statistically using a simple regression method, Analysis of Variance. The findings of research hypothesis one found that there is a strong (positive) correlation between work content and employee engagement. The findings of research hypothesis two showed that the virtual work environment contributes significantly to employee satisfaction. Findings of research hypothesis three found that personal factors significantly influence employee commitment. The findings of research hypothesis four showed that workplace quality significantly influences employee motivation. It was recommended that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in Imo State should conduct regular surveys and feedback sessions with employees to better understand their perception of work content and its impact on their engagement. It was further recommended that INEC should create a culture where employees feel valued and appreciated to reduce employee burnout. INEC is advised to create less work-related stress and more productive employees by having strong onboarding processes and encouraging employees to take time off to maintain a healthy work-life balance.Item Open Access Analysis of factors militating against successful building construction project delivery in South-East Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Ejiogu, Ejike F.The study examined the factors militating against successful building construction project delivery in the Southeast, Nigeria with the objective of identifying and analyzing the militating factors for decision purposes. Six (6) militating factors were identified. Based on this, five-point Likert’s scale, questionnaire was designed and distributed to 226 respondents for assessment. The multiple regression analysis result show that the average performance achieved in building onstruction delivery is 27.017 which is statistically low. The model developed show that all the factors with the exception of government policies and level of skilled workmanship exhibited negative influence on building project delivery in the Southeast States. The hypotheses test show that non-adherence to standard building codes is most critical to building project delivery. In view of these findings, the study recommends strict adherence to professional building codes, the creation of enabling environment through policies and programmes that will encourage the proper planning and implementation of building construction projects, Government development policies should be strengthened in order to control inflation and avoid constant increase in the cost of materials for building construction projects. Also, skilled workers should be engaged and, the cost and process of obtaining government approval should be made more affordable and simple so as to encourage improved success in the building project delivery and enhancement of socioeconomic wellbeing of the citizens.Item Open Access Effects of fly ash and rice-husk ash on lime stabilization of expansive soils from Lokpaukwu and Awgu, Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2018-10) Nnabuihe, kingsley IkechukwuSoil stabilization refers to the technique of altering the properties of a soil so as to improve its engineering performance. It aims at using chemical additives such as lime as a lone stabilizer or in combination with industrial residues (fly ash, rice husk ash, etc) to achieve this fit. This work investigates the effects of lime alone, lime fly ash (LFA) and lime-rice husk ash (LRHA) blends in varying percentage mixtures on the engineering properties of expansive soils from Lokpaukwu (Ezeaku Formation) and Awgu (Awgu Formation) in Lower Benue Trough. The soils were stabilized with different percentages of lime (i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) and varying percentage ratio for lime-fly ash and lime-rice husk ash blends (i.e. 2 : 6, 2 : 8, 2.5:7.5, 2.5 : 10, 3 : 9, 3 : 12, 4 : 12, 4 : 16, 5 : 15 and 5:20).Liquid limit, plastic limit, linear shrinkage, compaction characteristics and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed on the natural and lime-treated Lokpaukwu and Awgu soil samples while consistency limits and linear shrinkage tests only were performed on the lime-residue treated soil samples. Results of the study indicate that optimum reduction percentage of 24.14% and 30.56% (liquid limits), 72.22% and 74.42% (plasticity indices), 56.14% and 60.12% (linear shrinkages) and maximum percentage increase of 25.60 and 33.70 (Optimum Moisture Content (OMC)), 193.3 and 250 (unsoaked CBR), and 766 and 700 (soaked CBR) for Lokpaukwu and Awgu samples respectively were obtained on stabilizing the soils with 6% lime content. The results from lime-fly ash (LFA) and lime-rice husk ash (LRHA) blends indicate that liquid limits, plasticity indices and Linear Shrinkages decreased from 58 and 72 to 46 and 51, 36 and 43 to 11 and 12, 11.4 and 14.3 to 6.4 and 7.1, and from 58 and 72 to 45 and 51, 36 and 43 to 10 and 11, 11.4 and 14.3 to 6.4 and 7.1 for Lokpaukwu and Awgu samples respectively when treated with Lime-fly ash blend of 3 – 12% and lime-rice husk ash blend of 3 – 9%. It could be concluded that improving the characteristics of expansive soils by lime-fly ash blend or lime-rice husk ash blend is successful and provides immense environmental and economic benefitsItem Open Access Patterns of diarrhoeal diseases in under-five children in Emekuku: A hospital-based study(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2014-04) Njoku, Chinonyerem JohnThis study was undertaken to determine the patterns of diarrhoeal diseases in under-5 children and the associated risk factors in Emekuku, Imo State, Nigeria. A matched pair case control study design with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was adopted. Cases were children with loose watery feces, pathologically diagnosed with diarrhoea by the physician. Each case was captured immediately after diagnosis by the physician and administered with the questionnaire. Controls were children diagnosed of any other disease other than diarrhoea. Both cases and controls were appropriately matched in terms of age, sex, and other determinants and enrolled from the outpatient and children’s wards of the Hospital. A total of 176 under-5 children were enrolled with 88 cases and 88 controls. The results showed that most cases of diarrhoea observed were acute (93.2%), while persistent diarrhoea accounted for 6.8%. Ninety five percent (95%) of diarrhoeal cases were watery, with mean number of stools/child/day being 4.3 times (SD 1.92). Of the 17 exposure variables analyzed, only age (6-11 month); breast feeding (complementary feeding) (P<0.001); birth weight, maternal employment (unemployed women); toilet type (pit toilet); hand washing with water only (P<0.001); use of rain water and crowding index were significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease occurrence observed in this studied. The study shows that diarrhoeal diseases are still prevalent in this area. Interventions on exclusive breast feeding, provision of improved toilet type, and education on appropriate hand washing methods and improved sanitation should be intensified.Item Open Access An efficient predictive model for choosing mobile cellular service provider in Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2015-07) Ohuabunwa, Augustine EbereFree competition and new network technology have increased competition and widened the range of network service available throughout the world. However, for cellular network service providers, loyalty is a rare trait among customers when it comes to choosing a particular mobile cellular system provider. Despite the huge financial commitment by companies into their respective communication technologies, users ultimately make decisions based on their perceived quality of service (QoS). This thesis attempts to identify the factors affecting the Quality of Service of cellular mobile network providers in Nigeria and put their effect in quantifiable terms using four leading telecommunication firms viz. MTN-Nigeria, Globacom, Etisalat and Airtel. With a clear choice of information sources, regressional analysis and SPSS was utilized. It was discovered that six factors affect the quality of service of cellular mobile network: Network coverage/ Availability of service(X5), Call quality(X3), Price of service (X4) , Customer care(X2), Diversity of bundle option of service (X1) and Promotion/Offering of Incentive(X6). A predictive model was derived as : Y = 3.731+0.565X5 + 0.440X3 + 0.221X2+ 0.189X4 + 0.165X1 + 0.097X6.The significance of the factors X4, X1 , X2 and X6 depend on X5 and X3, hence Y = 3.731(1+0.1514 X5+0.1179 X3).Item Open Access Impact of oil spillage on physicochemical quality parameters of Abonema creek water(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2014-11) Onwuagba, Chinwe GraceThe current study investigated the impact of oil spillage on Physicochemical Quality parameters of Abonema creek water. Water sample was collected with a container from 3 different locations which included the control site. The samples were subjected to standard physicochemical analysis. Among other parameters analysed, conductivity(µs/cm2) (22000 – 29600),TDS (mg/L) (15400 – 20720), total petroleum hydrocarbon (mg/L) (0.001-1246.6) SO4-2(mg/L) (350 –510),Cl-(mg/L) (6900-8900), Pb2+(0.014 – 0.266 ), and alkalinity (mg/L) (65 – 75), where all above recommended WHO standard. This implies that the river is polluted by the discharge of effluent from petroleum exploration activities. Water sample from the affected site was more higher than that of the control. Companies should not wait until a spill is out of hand before a cleanup intervention; timely cleanup exercise should be encouraged.Item Open Access Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of wells 1,2,3 & 4 in the "GERA" field, Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2014-02) Onwualu, Nneka EmeldaA sequence stratigraphic approach was employed to understand sediments penetrated in Gera Field situated in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Central Niger Delta Basin. The technique incorporates biostratigraphic and well log data in constructing a high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the field. The analysis of the above data sets enabled the subdivision of the transverse part of the stratigraphic column within the field into sequences and system tracts. Four 3rd order Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS) and their intervening sequence boundaries (SB) were interpreted in the area. Three depositional sequences were interpreted within the field and were subdivided into transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract. Four maximum flooding surfaces correlate with the 28.1Ma, 31.3Ma, 33.0Ma and 34.0Ma of the transgressive marker shales of the Niger Delta Chronostratigraphic Chart. The 28.1 million years (Ma) MFS (G. Opima Opima) with its distinct log signature, constitutes the regional seal rock while the different sequence boundaries act as excellent reservoirs of the field. Of the four sequence boundaries, only one was found to be truly Type-1 sequence boundary, while the other three could not be convincingly attributed to a Type-1 sequence boundary, since a lowstand systems tract does not overlie them. The age of sediments penetrated in Gera field is found to range from Early – Late Oligocene as deduced from the foram zonations of wells in the field.Item Open Access Assessment of x-ray radiation on x-ray workers and associated potential health problems in Owerri(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2013-06) Onyekaokwu, Okeke CyriacusA study on assessment of X-ray radiation among X-ray workers and associated potential health problems in Owerri was carried out with the thermolumolunescent dosimeter between 12th April to 30th December 2011. A total of 50 workers were used for the study. Comprising 24 male X-ray workers and 26 female X-ray workers. The mean X-ray dose below permissible doses is 9.4.7 the T-test is -4.29; the P-value is 0.000. The mean exposure factor is <100 is 88.52 and the standard deviation is 15.88, the standard error mean is 2.25, T-test is -5.11, P-value is 10.000 There is high doses above >20msv upto six test which involve 3 male x-ray workers and 3 female x-ray workers. The result of the study show high rate of hair loss, cancer, cataract, erthyma and sterility, each provide evidence of excess exposure of X-rays. Therefore it is recommended that workers should wear protective device e.g lead aprons, gonads cover during exposure to X-ray and also limit their exposure timeItem Open Access Empirical evaluation of road rehabilitation projects on Aba–Owerri Road (A case study of Aba-Owerri Road)(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-08) Ebenuwa, John IfeanyiThe study examines the Empirical evaluation of Road Rehabilitation Projects (RRP) of Aba Owerri Road in Eastern part of Nigeria. The motivation for the study was due to deficiencies and inability of conventional Gantt chart scheduling techniques in addressing problems of time and cost overruns in road rehabilitation projects. Gantt chart failed to identify, isolate and exercise tight control on critical road rehabilitation activities that control the project duration. A total of four RRP identified to have suffered time overrun when scheduled and executed with Gantt chart were used for the study through experimental research design. The work breakdown structures of the RRP depicted in their respective Gantt charts were reschedule with an analytical tool of Critical Path Method (CPM). By inferential network analysis and results, the CPM easily displayed, effectively identified and isolated critical path activities which influenced and increased the project duration by seventeen months (15- 32) thus representing one hundred and thirteen percent (113%) upward review in project cost and time management. As part of effort to further confirm the results above, a more scientific approach was applied with the use of a micro software which also confirm the realistic project durations to be 32 months The conclusion is that it was obvious that work programme-chart (Gannt Chart) is reasonably effective only when applied to uncomplicated tasks, especially those involving a limited number of activity dependency, which means it cannot effectively handle the complexity inherent in most projects with a large number of activity. The study therefore recommends the adoption and institution of network scheduling technique (CPM) for scheduling of large scale RRP so as to complete the projects on schedule and contain cost and time overrun.Item Open Access Effects of energy efficiency design index on resistance, hydrostatics and ship design using Hughes-Prohaska method(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2024-02) Chuku, Azubuike JohnIn this study, the investigation of the effects of energy efficiency design index on resistance, hydrostatics and ship design was successfully carried out. The aim is to determine how much the current Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) formulations improve or conflict with ship design, vessel resistance, and hydrostatic laws. Parametric case studies of a Roll-on Passenger (Ro-Pax), Tugoat, and Reefer vessel are conducted for this reason. This group of vessels was picked because of how much energy they use naturally. To determine the impact of EEDI law on these three types of boats, Ship speed, Water Line Length (LWL), Beam (B), Draft (T), L/B ratio, B/T ratio, and Prismatic Coefficient (Cp) were examined. The results of the towing tank-model resistance tests were extrapolated to the three big ships, after the Hughes-Prohaska technique was used to evaluate the overall ship resistances and effective power of each of the models. In order to calculate the effective power, permissible power, and EEDI achieved, the resistance values previously extrapolated for the big ships were used. Based on correlation analysis of the data, the results indicate that there was an almost 89% agreement between the EEDI referenced and the EEDI attained. When the Hughes-Prohaska method's resistance data was verified against test data from an existing vessel model, an average error of 2% and a maximum error of 4% were discovered. It was deemed permissible to make this mistake. Effective power per unit displacement was plotted against each relevant parameter to examine the implications of EEDI on ship design, resistance, and hydrostatics. This is being done to ascertain the behavior of the EEDI attained. Additional findings showed that, with constant specific fuel consumption (SFC) and altering speed from 12 knots to 24 knots, the attained EEDI is proportional to the power (kW)/dead weight (tonne) ratio. It has been shown that at low speed, longer ships perform better on EEDI. However at higher speed, longer ships modify the L/B ratio, B/T ratio, draft, hydrostatic coefficients, increase resistance, and ultimately increase the ship's energy consumption. Further evidence suggest that in order to lower the EEDI, it is necessary to lower the pragmatic coefficient, optimize the hull, and decrease ship speed. In this instance, the 14% decrease in EEDI would be caused by the 13% sacrifice made to ship speed at the design stage. The graphs that were produced show that a ship may operate more efficiently and have a less environmental effect when the EEDI decreases.Item Open Access Biochemical analysis of Justicia carnea leaves used as a hematinic(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-05) Andrew, Andrew ChimezieJusticia carnea is the largest genus of Acanthaceae and is a medicinal plant used widely in Nigeria which is reported to have diverse functions, including blood-boosting potential. The phytochemical, vitamin, mineral, amino acid and roximate compositions, and antioxidant effects of the leaf extract of Justicia carnea were determined using standard methods was the goal of this study. Results of the quantitative phytochemical analyses carried out on the leaves of Justicia carnea recorded appreciable presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides, oxalate, and phytate using GC-FID. Ribalinidine with 42.08±0.03 mg/kg was the highest alkaloid, Flavan -3-ol was 21.18±0.02 mg/kg, presented the highest amount of flavonoids, and phytate with 25.69±0.07 mg/kg as the highest antinutrient. Analysis of Justicia carnea leaves recorded iron (8.61 mg/kg) as the major element followed by potassium (5.29±0.11 mg/kg). The concentration of vitamins in Justicia carnea leaves shows vitamin C with the highest value of 232.32±12.26 mg/100g followed by Vitamin A (22.16±2.12 mg/kg. The results of proximate composition on Justicia carnea leaves showed a high concentration of carbohydrate (60.35±3.05 %) and appreciable amounts of ash (15.02±1.01 %), fibre (9.29±0.93 %),protein (8.40±0.41), and low amount of lipid (1.50±0.09 %). The amino acid results showed the presence of both essential and non-essential amino acids with their concentrations in increasing and decreasing order. The results of antioxidant activities assay of the Justicia leaf extract showed that the leaves had better ability to scavenge free radicals at a concentration of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml but had a drop at 50mg/ml; the standard antioxidant was slightly higher than all the activities of the different concentrations of the extracts. The results of inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the leaf of J. carnea showed that the leaf extracts had a better ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation at a concentration of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml but had drop at concentrations of 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml. The results of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the leaf of J. carnea Showed that the leaf extracts promoted inhibition of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with increasing concentrations. These results obtained showed that leaves of Justicia carnea may serve as rich sources of natural antioxidants, free radical scavengers and should be recommended as a potential source of useful bioactive constituents as vegetable supplement and has no toxic effect and serve as an effective hematinic.