Masters
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Open Access Chemical inhibition of β-galactosidase activities and development of new protocols for β-galactosidase activity assay in microbial cells(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2025-04) Nwangwu, Oluchukwu RoselineInhibitory effects of surfactants, organic solvents and solvent mixtures on cell-free and cell-bound β-galactosidases were assessed to establish their sub-inhibitory concentrations for the development of methods for cell permeabilization and rapid in situ determination of β-galactosidase activity in Escherichia coli and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The concentration-response relationships of the individual surfactants, solvents and mixtures were fitted to a Gormpertz model to estimate the median inhibitory concentrations (EC50) and No-Observable-Effect-Concentration (NOEC) thresholds. The inhibitory effects of solvents on cell-free β-galactosidase were in the order: N, Ndimethylformamide (DMF) > dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) > ethanol (E. coli) and DMF > DMSO ≥ ethanol (K. marxianus). The inhibitory effects of surfactants on cell-free β-galactosidases were in the order: 1-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) > Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) > sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Triton X-100, sarcosyl, Tween 20, Tween 80 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) are not inhibitory to β-galactosidases. The established range of concentrations of these permeabilizing agents that are not inhibitory were used for whole cell β-galactosidase activity assay in E. coli and K. marxianus. In this in situ β-galactosidase activity assay, the cells were not washed, and permeabilization agents remained integral part of the reaction mixtures. Some of the selected concentrations of permeabilizing agents used for both organisms were compared with the classical methods in the literature. For E. coli, assay with a 5% 9:1 ethanolchloroform mixture and 0.0008% CPC resulted in higher β-galactosidase activity than Miller’s SDS-chloroform treatment. For K. marxianus, the β-galactosidase activity with 0.15% sarcosyl, 0.4% SDC and 15% of 9:1 ethanol-chloroform mixture resulted in higher β-galactosidase activity than Kippert’s 0.133% sarcosyl treatment. This current method was found to be less timeconsuming and accurate. The treatments could be used as an alternative procedure for in situ assay of β-galactosidase activity in E. coli and K. marxianus cells.Item Open Access Quality characterization of cookies developed from a blend of pro-vitamin A cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) flours(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-06) Uyanwa, Njideka ClaraFood-to-food fortification is a worthwhile approach to improve the quality of nutrition of populations. This study evaluated the quality characteristics of cookies produced from blends (%) of provitamin A cassava flour and Bambara groundnut flours (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100). Functional properties, proximate, mineral, and beta-carotene content of the composite flours were evaluated while the colour parameters and antinutrient contents of the flours (main ingredients) were evaluated. The formulated cookies were evaluated for physical properties, colour parameters, proximate, mineral, beta-carotene content, antinutrient contents, sensory properties and in-vitro protein digestibility using standard methods. The results of the functional properties showed that composite flour improved in all the functional attributes investigated than the control samples. Moisture content of the enriched cookies (5.75-6.74%) were within acceptable moisture level for cookies that will not support microbial proliferation. Increased substitution with Bambara flour resulted to increase in protein content (3.46-16.33%), ash content (2.64-4.26%) fat content (21.66- 24.63%), and energy value (458.88-480.69 kcal/100g) respectively. Inclusion of yellow root cassava flour in the composite flours resulted to cookies with high beta-carotene content (47.06- 91.39µg/100g). Physical properties of the cookies ranged from 8.31-9.02g weight, 4.08-4.53cm diameter, 0.54-0.68cm thickness, 6.04 - 8.46 spread ratio and 4.13-5.66kg breaking strength. Anti-nutritional factors in the cookie samples were within permissible levels. Sensory analysis revealed that PVAC60:BG40 was the limit for moderate acceptance based on organoleptic characteristics. In-vitro protein digestibility revealed that the enriched cookies are highly digestibility (76.05-81.06%) and improved with increased Bambara flour substitution. This study revealed that the production of cookies from provitamin A cassava and Bambara flour resulted into products with improved nutrient composition, digestibility, sensory properties and acceptable/safe antinutrient limit which can be optimized for value addition. It is inferred that the nutrient-rich cookies made in this study would help treat vitamin A deficiency, protein energy malnutrition, and other conditions linked to poor/under nutrition.Item Open Access Performance evaluation of 620MW photovaltaic system intergrated into an islanded Nigeria electric power grid(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-07) Ibuodinma, Somtochukwu IfeanyichukwuThis thesis focuses on the performance evaluation of 620MW photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated into an islanded Nigeria electric power grid. Electricity supply in Nigeria is abysmal and the effects on the economy and quality of life of Nigerians. To grow Nigeria GDP by 7%, additional generation capacity of 119,200MW is needed by 2030 while contributing mitigating of the effects of greenhouse gases, deploying renewable energy sources must be considered in generation planning. According to African-EU Renewable Energy Corporation Programme the installed capacity of off grid generation in Nigeria is about 14 GW, slightly above the grid capacity of about 10 GW. This work reviews various related literatures. It carries out load flow studies and Contingency analysis, using a set of possible contingency scenarios, of an islanded segment of the Nigeria Electric network namely Afam Power Substation to Yenogoa Transmission Substation without utility scale PV system integrated. The studies are done also with 500MW PV system integrated at Afam Power Station and 120MW at Gbarain Power Station. The data used were valid upto the year 2021. This work utilizes PowerWorld Simulator for these analyses. The results show a reasonable degree of stability was achieved when there was loss of generation. For example, with Afam Generation station open, system violations went from 14 (without PV) to 3 (with PV). Finally, the results for levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) for combined cycle gas turbines and PV systems show that the LCoE for PV systems was 0.1273 $/kWh, which is still less than LCoE of 0.0970 $/kWh The results also show that such hybrid generation planning can provide a high degree of redundancy in our fragile network.Item Open Access Investigation into graphene as an electrode material in microbial fuel cells bioelectricity generation(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2025-05) Anyanwu, Michael NnamdiThe study investigates the potential of Graphene as an electrode coating material in microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation as well as a comparison with other electrode coating materials as copper, oxides, fluorides, carbonates, hydrocarbons, and powdered metal. Driven by the demand for materials with superior mechanical and thermal properties in the realm of advancing technology. Rigorous testing, such as mechanical, physical, chemical, electrical resistance, and defect inspections, were conducted on a Graphene sheet (0.70 x 1200 mm) and compared with copper, carbon isotope values, and NIS standards (NIS-119:1984 and NIS487:2010). State-of-the-art laboratory equipment, such as an atomic absorption spectrometer, coating thickness gauge, universal tensile machine, and defect inspection system, was employed. The findings indicate that most elements in the graphene material align well with standard values, affirming its suitability for intended applications. However, manganese exceeds the standard limit, necessitating further scrutiny and potential refinement in the production process. In the ultimate tensile strength test, graphene surpasses the NIS requirement of 175, registering an impressive 182. The electrical resistivity values also showcase favorable results, with graphene exhibiting 0.02610-6 Ohm/cm compared to the NIS standard of 0.03410-5 Ohm/cm. Impact resistance, a critical parameter, demonstrates graphene's robustness with a measured value of 5 J, exceeding the NIS range of 2 J - 5 J. The gloss result for graphene falls within the specified NIS requirement of 40-60%, recording 58%. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of graphene’s applicability. It provides valuable insights for optimized production processes and identifies potential applications that demand enhanced mechanical properties. The observed discrepancies, particularly the elevated manganese level, highlight areas for further investigation and process refinement. Overall, the study underscores graphene’s promising role in microbial fuel cells and sets the stage for continued advancements in material science and bioelectricity generation technologies.Item Open Access The adsorption of 4-chlorophenol and hydroquinone from aqueous solution onto activated shells of oil bean seed(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-04) Ezeiheukwu, Chika MaryOil bean seed shell (OBSS) activated carbon was investigated for adsorption of 4-Chlorophenol and Hydroquinone in aqueous solution. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature were evaluated. Adsorption increased as the contact time increased with the optimum Adsorption at 50 minutes (for ZnCl2 activated carbon) and 40 minutes (for H3PO4 activated carbon) for 4-Chlorophenol and Hydroquinone respectively. The influence of pH on 4-Chlorophenol and Hydroquinone uptake by OBSS activated carbons were carried out between pH 4 and pH 10. The level of uptake of 4-Chlorophenol and Hydroquinone by OBSS activated carbon increased at lower pH values studied. The effect of temperature on the uptake of 4-chlorophenol and Hydroquinone were carried out between 29 oC and 60 oC. The result indicated that adsorption increased at low temperature. The adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity for 4-Chlorophenol were calculated to be 0.75 and 1.0 (for ZnCl2 activated carbon), 0.82 and 0.96 (for H3PO4 activated oil bean seed shells) respectively and 0.878 and 1.12 (for ZnCl2 activated oil bean seed shells) and 0.827 and 0.90 (for H3PO4 activated oil bean seed shells). The thermodynamic parameters ∆Go , was calculated to be from -135.70 to -3426.3 jmol-1 k -1 (for ZnCl2 activated carbon shells of oil bean seed, -26.6 to -3073.4 jmol-1 k -1 for H3PO4 activated carbon of oil bean seed shells for 4-chlorophenol removal, from -360.0 to 4156.5 jmol-1 k -1 (for ZnCl2 activated carbon shells of oil bean seed) and from -276.8 to -3526.8 jmol-1 k -1 (for H3PO4 activated carbon shells of oil bean seed) for hydroquinone removal. The enthalpy change (∆H) were calculated to be -3733.7 and -3379.3 for ZnCl2 activated carbon shells of oil bean seed respectively for 4-chlorophenol,and -4700 and -3654 for ZnCl2and H3PO4 activated carbon shells of oil bean seed for hydroquinone removal respectively. The negative ∆Go values of 4-chlorphenol and Hydroquinone at various temperatures were due to adsorption process being spontaneous with respect to 4-chlorophenol and hydroquinone adsorption onto OBSS.Item Open Access Comparative study of bactericidal activities of antibiotics and plant-based nanoparticles on fish pathogens(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2025-04) Asonye, Chinemerem MiracleBacterial fish pathogens cause diseases which result in a considerable economic impact on the aquaculture industry, necessitating the use of antibiotics for their control. However, intensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to increased occurrence of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria as well as normal flora. This present study was conducted to determine the most prevalent bacterial fish pathogens, synthesize and characterize plant-based Silver and Zinc oxide nanoparticles extracted from Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves) and Hibiscus rosa sinensis (Hibiscus leaves), assess and compare the antibacterial activities of antibiotics and the plant-based nanoparticles on the most prevalent bacterial fish pathogens. The most prevalent bacterial fish pathogens namely, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. were bacteriologically isolated from the liver, gills and intestines of fish samples gotten from three different fisheries in and around Owerri Metropolis which include Johnny Fish Farm, Umuodu Mbieri, Mbaitoli L.G.A., Chucky Fish Farm, 18 Norbert Nworieji Lane, New Owerri and an unnamed fish farm in Ohaji/Egbema, Imo State. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The isolated bacteria were identified by their colonial morphologies, Gram-Staining and different Biochemical reactions. Bacteria were mostly prevalent in the gills of the various fish samples. The mean heterotrophic bacteria had counts ranging from 1.15×106 to 970×106 cfu/g while the mean Vibrio sp. had counts ranging from 0.087×106 to 5.42×106 cfu/g. Disc diffusion method was employed to determine and compare the antibacterial activities of both the antibiotics and the different plantbased nanoparticles. In this study, it was observed that all the bacterial fish pathogens were resistant to most of the antibiotics (especially Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol) but were all susceptible to Gentamicin. It was also observed that the silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from the plant leaves at different sizes and concentrations had inhibitory effects against the bacterial fish pathogens, mostly with the ones of higher concentrations having more inhibitory ability than the ones of lower concentrations although their efficacy did not surpass that of gentamicin which served as the control. The analysis has shown that farmed fish harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria which are resistant to some common antibiotics. This study also highlights the important benefits of using plant-based nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents against bacterial fish pathogens to combat antibiotic resistance in aquaculture and maintain sustainable and hygienic aquatic environments.Item Open Access Simultaneous waste water treatment and energy harvesting in microbial fuel cells(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-08) Ihenacho, Chizobam ChikeziriThe prohibitively high cost of treating certain wastewaters has often resulted in their indiscriminate disposal without treatment, especially in most developing countries. This has contributed to the presently heightened environmental problems. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have increasingly attracted attention as a viable tool to address these challenges. The dual chambers MFCs were used to treat piggery wastewater samples for 25days, and selected physicochemical parameters were monitored. The effects of surface area of anode (0.005m2 to 0.015m2 ), surface area of cathodes (0.005m2 to 0.015m2 ) and volume of anode (750ml to 1125ml) on voltage generation, were optimized. Optimization was designed with Box Behnken Design, which gave 30 runs of dual chambers MFCs. All components of MFCs were set up according to the design. Following 25 days running of the MFCs and daily recording of voltage production (morning and evening), the average voltages, taken across 10,000Ω resistance, as produced by the 30 MFCs were optimized with Minitab® 17. Results showed that 0.011m2 , 0.015m2 and 1500ml were the optimum surface area of anode, cathode and volume of anode respectively, with estimated highest average voltage production of 41.83mV. When these optimums were used to set MFCs, the highest average voltage obtained 52.5mV, which is 25% higher than estimated highest average voltage, while the lowest was 20.13mV. These were higher than highest average voltage of 34.32mV and lowest of 7.76mV obtained without optimization. The BOD, COD of the wastewaters reduced from 1705.33mg/l and 5311.67mg/l in original wastewater to 1383.33mg/l and 3643.33mg/l respectively, after treatment with MFC. These represent 18.89% and 31.41% reduction in BOD and COD respectively. In the control (untreated) sample, they only reduced to 1583.33mg/l and 4699.67mg/l respectively. Similarly, concentrations of NO3 + , PO4 3+ and NH4 + in the wastewater also decreased after treatment, from 28mg/l, 2.34mg/l and 2.77mg/l to 8.33mg/l, 1.83mg/l and 1.52mg/l respectively. The pH of treated wastewater increased from 7.1 to 8.33 after treatment. These were different from 7.37 recorded in pH, 23.33mg/l, 2.02mg/l and 2.23mg/l recorded in control samples, for nitrate, phosphate and ammonium respectively. Initial piggery wastewater samples used and swab of biofilm on anode surface recorded a total viable bacterial counts ranging from 1.0 x 106Cfu/ml to 9.75 x 107Cfu/ml. Species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Salmonella, Shigella, Micrococcus and Escherichia coli include isolates found on the samples. Consequently, MFCs hold great promises as a cheaper tool for treatment of wastewater, and factors affecting its potentials should be further investigated.The results of this study are recommended for further studies on scale up of MFCs for commercial applications.Item Open Access Hydrogeophysical and aquifer protective capacity studies of Enugu and Environs South Eastern Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2022-08) Udeh, Moses HarryHydrogeophysical Studies of Enugu and environs were carried out using geophysical and hydrogeological method. This study was designed to evaluate the aquifer system of the study area as well its protective capacity and vulnerability by applying the models (Lc and IEC, GOD and DRASTIC), and also to evaluate soil corrosivity of the area by utilizing the topsoil (first layer)resistivity values obtained from the interpreted VES results. A total of eighty-five (85) vertical electrical sounding points were made in the study area that has three to nine geo-electric layers using the digital ABEM SAS 4000 model Terrameter with its accessories. The Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted for data acquisition with half current electrode separation (AB/2) of 500mand half potential electrode separation (MN/2) of 55m. Nineteen (19) parametric soundings were carried out near existing boreholes where pumping data was available for correlative purposes and to constrain model predicting parameters. The aquifer resistivity of the area ranged from a value of 2.8Ωm to 88745.0 Ωm, with a mean value of 5434.6 Ωm. The estimation of the characteristics of the aquifer hydraulic using the new set of model equations showed that hydraulic conductivity values varied between 1.05m/day and 34.06m/day with a mean value of 5.59m/day, while transmissivity values varied between 25.70 m2 /day and 2767.81 m2 /day with a mean value of 500.05m2 /day. Generally, the groundwater potentials of the area are classified into three categories: moderate, high, and very high potential zones. The multiple geophysical models were used together to develop maps of hydraulic parameters. The obtained GOD, and DRASTIC models were together used for the production of the vulnerability map. Results based on the GOD model clearly show that about 60%ofthe study area is within the class of extremely low groundwater vulnerability zones, 33%is within the class of low vulnerability zones, and 7% of the area is within the class of moderate vulnerability zone. Also, results based on the DRASTIC model revealed that about 31% of the study area is within the low class of vulnerability zones, 67% is within the class of moderate zones, while 2%is within the high class of vulnerability zones. The evaluated soil corrossivity of the area showed that 78%of the area is practically non-corrosive (PNC) and can be rated as moderately competent to highly competent strata; 13% of the area is said to be slightly corrosive, which is rated as moderately competent to incompetent strata; and the remaining 9% is moderately and very strongly corrosive, which is rated as an incompetent material to construct on. The aquifer protective capacity of the study area were determined using longitudinal conductance technique. The protective capacity of the area classified into zone of excellent, very good, good, moderate, weak and poor protective capacity rating. Similarly, Integrated Electrical Conductivity technique was also used to determine the protective capacity of the area, the result indicates that the aquifer system in the study area has low protective capacity and the areas are susceptible to contamination based on the IEC technique.Item Open Access Bioavailability and genotoxity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on two edible vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Telfiaria occidentalis)(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Ukachukwu, Chidinma OgochukwuBioavailability and genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in two edible vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Telfairia occidentalis) using; physicochemical properties, biotolerence of the vegetables to PAH, molecular characterization, and health risk assessment of consumption of exposed vegetables. The study assessed PAH content in different tropical urban environment using soxhlet extraction flame ionization detection (SEGC-FID) method, physicochemical properties of soil, biotolerance of the two vegetables exposed to different concentrations of spent engine oil, benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), benzo(k)fluoranthene (B[k]F) and benzo(ghi)perylene (B[ghi]P) in plant species, and health risk associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. The health risk assessment was done using health assessment models such as screening value (SV), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and margin of exposure (MOE). Molecular characterization of exposed plant species was carried out to determine the level of toxicity on the DNA, through DNA band breaks. This was carried out with three inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers (UBC 811, UBC 827, UBC 808). SE-GCFID method was used for the separation and identification of PAH. The results showed that a total of fourteen PAHs were detected in the different tropical urban environment which includes: acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, 1-2 benzanthene, acenaphthalene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, flourene, naphthalene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene, fluoranthrene and pyrene. The soil physical properties showed that the moisture content and bulk density where higher in the polluted soil, while porosity was higher in the unpolluted soil. However, the soil textural class remains sandy. In soil chemical properties; soil pH was low, effective cation exchange capacity, exchangeable base, exchangeable acidity and organic carbon were higher in the polluted soil samples. The biotolerance of the two vegetables exposed and unexposed to the pollutants showed low growth performance in the polluted plants as concentration increases. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the unexposed and the exposed plants using analysis of variance Dunnet multiple comparison. The result of the genomic effect of these pollutant revealed alteration at genetic level through DNA insertion deletion and changes in band intensity. The three primers showed polymorphism level of 65%, 58% and 18% . The health risk assessment from dietary consumption of PAH contaminated vegetables showed low health risk concern in SV, ILCR and MOE. However, prolong exposure to these pollutants can affect humans as it possesses a high potential to bioaccumulate through the food chain. The study was able to suggest the presence of PAH component in the different tropical urban environs of Owerri. Also the impact of PAH on growth performance of the two plants species showed that it is concentration dependent which was reflected in the DNA of plants species as polymorphism occurred showing variations in DNA.Item Open Access Use of dentirice and occurrence of dental caries among school children in Nembe, Bayelsa State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-04) Idubamo, WilfredThis study aims at determining the pattern of the use of oral dentifrices, dental caries occurrence and the impact of age and sex on the use of dentifrice as oral self-care measures by secondary school children in Nembe, Bayelsa State. One of the goals of the World Health Organization is to ensure increased uptake of preventive oral self care. This would require the design public health programmes that will ensure children place premium on preventive oral health care uptake. One effort in that direction is the need for countries to define baseline measures on use of preventive oral self-care measures by their population as well as identify factors that impact on its use. Pupils age 8 to 21 years in two Secondary Schools in Nembe completed a questionnaire about dentifrice oral self-care (use of fluoridated toothpaste, flossing, regularity of consuming sugary snacks between main meals), time of the last dental check-up. 350 students were selected from the two schools as sample size using Taro Yamane formula. With the administration of self-administered questions to gather the information and SPSS version 27 was used to analysis the data. Pearson Chi square was used to test association between age (8-12years, 13–16 years and 17 above), sex, and to determine the effect on the use of dentifrice and caries occurrence. Result shows that the age brackets, 13 – 16 years constituted 154(44%), Male genders 180(51.4%) which had the largest proportion, gender-based. Result also shows that there is a high proportion on the usage of dentifrice (73.2%), rate of occurrence of dental caries among the Secondary school students in Nembe LGA of Bayelsa state. Only 169(48.3%) the study population practiced the recommended oral self-care, and 95(27%) always visited the dental clinic for a check-up in the last one year. This study also shows a significant level (X2 =611.057, P<0.001) on the pattern of use of oral dentifrice among secondary school students. This study shows a significant level (X2 = 199.87, P<0.000) timing and duration of on the pattern of use of oral dentifrice among secondary school students. The results showed a level of statistically significant on the rate of occurrence on dental caries among the students (X2 =243.64, P<0.000, X2 =50.13, P<0.001, X2 =97.31, P<0.001) The results also showed a level of statistically significant on the effects of the use of dentifrice on dental caries occurrence among the respondent (P<0.001). Dental caries is a common public health problem in school children associated with poor oral hygiene, dietary and lack of dental visit habits. Therefore, prevention measures such as health education on oral hygiene, dietary habits and importance of dental visit are obligatory for children. The Level of utilization of dental care and the use of dentifrice should be kept standard in a way the school oral health programs should be implemented in other to promote oral health awareness and encourage routine dental check-up among these students.Item Open Access Examination of the factors affecting cost of construction projects delivery in Bayelsa State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-09) Oribo, Nanie EinsteinThis study aims to examining the factors that significantly affect the cost of construction project delivery in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Understanding these factors is crucial for stakeholders in the construction industry to effectively plan, budget, and manage projects, ultimately leading to successful and cost-effective project completion. The research involves cross section surveys of client, consultants, and contractors in the construction industry in Bayelsa state. A total of 70 questionnaires were administered using convenience sampling methods. Descriptive statistics using simple bar chart was used to analyze respondents’ demographic data. Chi square tests and Kendall’s W tests was also employed to investigate relationships between variables. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used in analyzing the data. Results showed that Escalation and inflation of cost of materials, Supplier manipulation, Duration of contract period and Economic instability are the most significant factors affecting the cost of construction project delivery with mean ranks 17.61, 17.61,17.42 and 17.22 respectively as agreed by respondents. While waste on site and dispute on site are the least significant factors with mean rank 4.92 and 6.28 respectively. The findings from this analysis will provide valuable insights into the specific challenge faced in Bayelsa State and offer recommendations to mitigate cost overruns and enhance project efficiency.Item Open Access Assessment of mucuna solannie as an alternative fluid loss control material in synthetic drilling fluid design(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Onyekwere, Kelechi RaymondIn recent years, research using biomaterials in drilling fluid design has thrown light on their biodegradability, availability and low cost. Apart from these, they have in some cases shown properties superior to those of synthetic materials. This research assessed Mucuna solannie as a fluid loss control agent, looking at its fluid loss, filter cake quality, rheology and comparing them with those of Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate which is a commonly used drilling mud additive. The Mucuna solannie additive was prepared by removing the shell and the seeds sliced into pieces, soaked in water for 3hrs, then grounded into powder form, dried in anovenfor2hrs at 120 of which is an optimum temperature of retaining the chemical properties and finally sieved and re-grinded until finer powder was recovered. The additives were assessed at varying concentrations of 2ppb, 4ppb, 6ppband8ppb, the results obtained were filtrate volumes of 5.5ml against 4.8ml at 2ppb, 5.0mlagainst 4.5ml at 4ppb, 4.5ml against 4.2ml at 6ppb, and 4.1ml against 3.8ml at8ppb, all at 30mintues. Field standard value is 5.0ml fluid loss. Filter cake thickness was 1mm for all concentrations of Mucuna solannie. On rheology, plastic viscosity, yield point and yield stress were 27cP against 28cP, 19Ib/100ft2 against19Ib/100ft2, and 5Ib/100ft2 against 6Ib/100ft2, showing slight differences in their rheological properties. The chemical structure, molecular binding form of Mucuna solannie shows X-ray diffraction of Mucuna solannie found to be closer tochitosan structure with Calcium salt and organic materials. In terms of Economic Analysis, it could be seen that the Mucuna solannie has a less DCF-RORof 58.0%against62.0% of Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate, which indicates that Mucuna solannie is economically and commercially viable, slightly better and gives less economic cost than Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate. This research also established Mucuna solannie as a good fluid loss control agent according to API and field standards.Item Open Access A Transient performance evaluation of a porous evaporative cooler for preservation of fruits and vegetables(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Paul-Okore, Rosemary OluchiPost harvest loss is a major factor affecting commercial farming. Efforts to reduce it using the conventional cooling systems have not been successful to cost and unavailability of grid connected electricity. Evaporative cooling is a promising alternative but this work is required to improve on its overall performance. To do this, the transient performance under different climatic conditions is required for better understanding and possible system components optimization. This work therefore presents the transient performance evaluation of a porous evaporative cooler carried out using a mathematical model developed from first principle. The model is based on an energy balance and mass transfer analysis on different parts of the evaporative cooler. The developed model was solved using FlexPDE computational fluid dynamics analyser based on the finite element numerical approach. The numerical solution was validated using experimental data. Results obtained showed that the model very closely predicted the actual system performance with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.205. In general it was observed that the evaporative cooler maintained a significantly lower storage temperature (20.9 – 24 )OC compared to the ambient temperature (27 – 33)OC for all climatic seasons of the year with the best performance recorded during the late dry season (January). Temperature difference between ambient and storage space during the hot periods of the day was in the range of 3 – 9 OC. Thus, the evaporative cooler has good potentials for all year round reduction of post harvest losses and the developed model is a good tool for the evaporative cooler performance optimization.Item Open Access Evaluation of microbial community, modelling and optimization of processing parameters of a maize-cowpea blend weaning formula(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-02) Otuneme, Onyinyechi FlorenceProtein deficiency and malnutrition in locally processed infant formula is known to cause stunted growth and preventable diseases in infants. This study was carried out to determine the ideal processing conditions and microorganisms involved in the production of a weaning food made from maize and cowpea blend. A Box-Behnken Design method under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to set up methodology for weaning food preparation. The microbial community responsible for fermentation was investigated using standard microbiological and Biochemical methods. Proximate composition analysis was donetoascertain the nutritional quality of the blended product. Sensory evaluation was conducted using the 9-point hedonic scale to determine the most acceptable sample product that met the requirements by World Health Organization (WHO) for weaning foods. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Minitab (Version 17.0). The final product after processing yieldeddry flour of maize and cowpea blend. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacteriumsp, Micrococcus sp, Lactobacillus lactis and Streptococcus faecalis were predominant in the samples. Results from proximate composition analysis showed variances in moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude fiber content of the different samples. Sample code WFC (cowpea substitution35%, pH 5.5 and fermentation time 72 hours) was most acceptable among the weaning mothers/caregivers. However, Sample code WFA (cowpea substitution in maize 15%, pH3.5, fermentation time 48 hours) was the only product that met the requirements of WHO standard for weaning food nutrient composition. The results of the statistical analysis showedt here sponses of the independent variables to the dependent variables in the ANOVA, the contour as well as surface plot values. The prospect of producing a traditional fortified weaning food of WHO standard can be achieved if the processing conditions of pH , blend ratio and fermentation time are carefully explored.Item Open Access Medical waste generation, collection and storage practices among primary health centres in Owerri zone, Imo State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-12) Okoro, Ezinne TeresinaMedical waste management is to ensure that healthcare facilities are clean and equally to eradicate nosocomial infections. The study aimed to determine medical waste generation, collection and storage practices among Primary Health Centres in Owerri Zone, Imo State. The study employed descriptive cross sectional study, because it examined medical waste generation, collection and storage practices among Primary Health Centres. The survey was designed to use an observation checklist and questionnaires which was administered to 380 participants (nurses, lab technicians, doctors, community health officers, cleaners, environmental health officers) from a sample size of 38 Primary Health Centers. The collected data was entered into computer Software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 and analysed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results were displayed in frequency tables and charts. The association between variables was determined with chi-square statistical test to show that there is a relationship between the location of primary health centers and the type of medical waste generated, significant relationship between knowledge of health workers and waste collection practices, significant relationship between the type of primary health center and medical waste storage. Other findings observed that most 121(31.8%) of the respondents were junior community health officers who had about 6- 12 years work experience. Majority 160 (42.1%) reported facilities had between 6-10 beds with an average of 5-10 bed occupancy in a week. Many facilities 224 (58.9%) do not weigh their waste but in all, general waste (45.0%) was the highest contributor of solid waste stream. More facilities 213 (56.1%) showed that there was no proper collection plan though waste was collected in a variety of receptacles. A fewer facilities 171 (45.0%) practiced waste segregation though poor colour coding was observed. Very many of the respondents 295 (77.6%) reported their facilities had inadequate storage containers and many were without lids. Many of the facilities 224(58.9%) have no specific/designated area for waste storage and 57(36.5%) of the respondents reported open dumping and 55(35.2%)store waste behind buildings. In conclusion, out of the 380 participants, 329 (86.6%) had no knowledge of any policy regarding waste management in their establishment hence, fair knowledge of the risks associated with poor waste handling was observed. There is a need for regular staff training and retraining in medical waste management and the use of personal protective equipment.Item Open Access Comparative analysis of techniques for estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters: Case study of Ezza and Ikwo areas South Eastern Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-12) Oli, Ifeanyi ChidozieAquifer hydraulic parameters (Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity) plays an important rolein the assessment and management of groundwater. Conventionally, these parameters are best estimated by means of a pumping test, which is expensive and time consuming. The integration of data from the electrical resistivity survey and the pumping test provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative. A total of Thirty-five (35) Vertical Electrical Sounding with a maximum current electrode spacing of 150m using Schlumberger array, with parametric sounding performed in the vicinity of the five (5) wells where the pumping test was conducted for comparative purposes. The empirical relationship between the hydraulic conductivity derived from the pumping test and the aquifer resistance were established for the different Formations(Ebonyi and Abakaliki Formation) and, in turn, used to estimate aquifer hydraulic parameters in areas away from wells. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity varies from 0.49m/day to 1.5735m/daywith a mean value of 0.9205m/day for the Ebonyi Formation, while those underlain by the Abakaliki Formation have hydraulic conductivity values that varies from0.0775m/dayto1.3023m/day, with a mean value of 0.2883m/day. The Transmissivity values ranges between0.29m2 /day to 57.27m2 /day with a mean value of 6.59m2 /day. Transmissivity values obtained were compared with Krásný’s Transmissivity classifications and the result used to delineatethearea into three aquifer potential zones; very low, low and intermediate zones. The studyshowsthat the areas underlain by the Ebonyi Formation have a higher groundwater potential than thoseunderlain by the Abakaliki Formation. This is also supported by the geology of the area, with the Abakaliki Formation dominated by shales that have very low permeability, while the Ebonyi Formation consists of shales with alternations of sandstones, which supports good aquifer conditions. Statistical analysis of the different model equations used in estimating hydraulic conductivity of the study area shows that the New Model proved to be a better substitute intheabsence of pumping test data.Item Open Access The capability of construction firms in the delivery of projects in Anambra State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-04) Okekunle, Rasaki ChrisThis work examined the capacity of construction firms in the delivery of construction projects in Anambra State. The objectives include to analyse the selected construction projects to determine their level of performance, to determine the level of correlation between the role of contractors and implementation of projects and analyse the factors that inhibit construction firms’ role in the implementation of construction projects. Earned Value Analysis method was partly used to analyze the performance data of the selected construction projects which showed low performance due to high level of cost and time overrun. The contributory factors to the low performance were identified. Based on this, five-point Likert’s scale questionnaire was designed and distributed to 111 respondents for assessment. The multiple regression analysis of the factors show that all the identified factors significantly affected the role and performance of the construction firms with poor economic situation posing the highest effect. Hence, the study recommends that Government policies should be formulated to create a conducive environment for construction firms to be active in their roles for improve success in the delivery of construction projects; Construction firms should apply the project management techniques; construction firms should ensure that qualified personnel are employed to handle the planning and implementation of construction projects, Honesty and transparency should be the watch word for construction firms in performing their construction activities when dealing with clients and; The NSE and other organized professional bodies in Nigeria should revoke the operating license of construction firms found violating the professional ethics and roles in managing projects. This will reduce the level of insincerity exhibited by most construction firms and improve expertise in the execution of construction projects by engaging qualified personnel with the requisite knowledge regarding project management techniques for proper planning and implementation of construction projects in Anambra State.Item Open Access Levels of heavy metals in the blood of electronic technicians in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-04) Ekine, Dumoteinm Stephen OpudaDifferent types of heavy metals used in the production and repairs of electronics, can be found in the blood of those handling these electronics. This study was done to determine the levels of heavy metals in the blood of electronic technicians in Port Harcourt metropolis. The study was aimed at determining specifically the levels of lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) in the blood of electronic technicians. The study design was experimental as the metals are introduced into the body through their occupation and the population of electronic technician sampled was 40 using the modified Cochran formula, Purposive sampling method was used and 40 volunteers allowed their venous blood to be collected and, analyzed using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry method of analysis. The results revealed that there was statistical significant difference in the mean concentration of these metals [F(2, 117) = 8.243, P = 0.000] and the levels of the metals in the blood was 0.64218 mg/L for lead with the highest concentration, 0.134505 mg/L for mercury with the least and 0.399275 mg/L for Arsenic . It also showed increased bio-accumulation levels for the various metals studied. It shows that there is an accumulation of metals in the blood of technicians and also that the PPE’s used were only nose masks and aprons indicating inhalation and dermal contacts as the commonest exposure route. Proper enlightenment is needed to reduce bio-accumulation of metals in these technicians, Also there should be measures by government on use of PPE’s.Item Open Access Effects of tea infusion as weight-loss agent in wistar rats.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-10) Demason, Shirley JamesThe study evaluated the effect of tea infusion as weight loss agent in wistar rats. Parameters evaluated included the phytochemical content of tea infusion and their effects on body weight gain, relative organ weights, feed conversion ratio, lipid profile and proximate composition of faecal sample. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of bioactive compounds in tea infusions. The infusions were obtained by measuring 150 ml of boiled water into a beaker, to which 1.5 g of tea sample was added and allowed to stand for 30 min before filtration. Eighteen male wistar rats were grouped into three of six rats each. Group A (normal control) were fed pelletized poultry feed and tap water ad libitum. Groups B and C were both fed pelletized poultry feed, green and black tea infusions, respectively for 28 days. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that tea infusion contained various metabolites; flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phytates, oxalates, and cyanogenic glycosides in varied quantities. The results demonstrated that the green tea infusion showed higher phytochemical content (tannins: 28.61±0.11, saponins: 8.17±0.02, flavonoids: 8.43±0.03, alkaloids: 9.78±0.01, phytates: 0.29±0.00 and cyanogenic glycosides: 559.50±0.50), compared to black tea (tannins: 4.90±0.04, saponins: 6.35±0.02, flavonoids: 5.15±0.04, alkaloids: 8.70±0.00, phytates: 0.22±0.00 and cyanogenic glycosides: 335.50±1.50). Black tea infused animals consumed the least feed and had lowest digestibility, had a significant drop in growth rate and body weight gain. Tea infusions caused a slight increase in the relative organ weight of treated animals. The infusions lowered plasma Low –density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL ratio). The effect of tea infusion on faecal proximate compositions indicated that excretion of minerals, lipid and fibre were enhanced in treated animals while reducing the excretion of water and carbohydrates. In conclusion, the weight-loss recorded by animals fed black tea was due to the excretion of minerals, fibre and lipid which was triggered by the action of polyphenols present in tea.Item Open Access Analysis of factors influencing effective safety programme implementation in pipeline construction projects in Port-Harcourt, River State(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Mbachu, Nneamaka ChiomaThis study examined the success factors influencing safety Programme implementation in pipeline construction project in Nigeria using Greenocean Pipeline Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State as a case study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data concerning success factors influencing safety Programme implementation, and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The target population of the study was 112 respondents. Tables and simple percentage were used to present the data collected. Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test was employed to test the research hypotheses. Relative importance index (RII) was used to rank the factors influencing accident causation. From the study, carelessness and negligence were ranked first with a RII value of 0.93. The estimation of the possible factors that affect safety Programme implementation on pipeline Construction is done using the Critical Factor Analysis technique (CFA), Motivation and Appropriate supervision are positively correlated to the principal component 1 (PC1), It was therefore concluded that each of the factors has indicated a high potential of improving Safety Programme implementation on pipeline Construction projects in Port Harcourt, River State. Successful safety programme implementation would need an effective enforcement plan, motivation of workers, appropriate supervision, safety training, and education.