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Item Open Access Optimization of water injectivity and oil recovery through lateral radial drilling into the reservoir(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-08) Onyejiaka, Uchenna NonyeremThe efficiency of water injectivity into the reservoir is greatly reduced by poor reservoir permeability and near well bore damage. However, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of improving oil recovery during water flooding by using radial drilling technique which has the capacity of achieving longer perforation length than the conventional perforation operation. Perforation length up to 100 m (330ft) into the fresh formation beyond damaged zone can be obtained with radial technology. Eclipse simulator, version 100 was used to model the lateral radial drill and conventional perforation into there servoir. The key project indicators that were studied are injectivity index, displacement efficiency,recovery factor and water cut using different radial drill configurations. It was observed that water injectivity was improved with radial drill case with the increasing length and number of radials as compared to the conventional wellbore perforation case. There was aprogressive increase in recovery factor with increase in number radials irrespectiveoftheradial length. Also, the water cut from the producer well was increasing as the number and length of the radials were increasing. Therefore, radial drilling is seemingly apromising technology that can be used to improve water inj ectivity and hence maximize oil recovery in a water flooding scheme.Item Open Access Study of the impact of acidulated rainwater on leaf tissues of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum Linn.) and pepper(Capsicum annum Linn.)(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-08) Adamu, Santuraki IbrahimThe acidulation of rainwater is connected intimately with industrial development. The leaves of Tomato and Pepper were examined for the impact of acidulated rainfall on their morphology, anatomy, and physiology. Rainwater samples collected from industrial and automobile traffic congested Cities of Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, and Gombe (control) were used in a screen-house experiment. The effect of atmospheric gases NO2, SO2, and CO2 was determined on morphology, anatomy of phylloplane, photosynthetic chlorophylls, and agro-morphology of the plants. Statistical package R version 4.2.1 was used to analyze data. Duncan’s multiple-range test was used to determine the significance of the mean difference. The findings showed that from April through July, the concentrations of atmospheric acid derivatives were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Morphological changes such as physical damage to the leaf, formation of white Scars, and necrosis were observed. Anatomical changes such as alterations on the cuticle and collapsed epidermal cells and the formation of lobules of scarred tissue were observed. Plants heights were significantly reducedat(p<0.05) (FTomato=7.8894; FPepper=63.835), leaf area was also significantly decreased (FTomato=16.341; FPepper=60.965;p<0.05), stem girth were also significantly (p<0.05) reduced (FTomato=8.8174;FPepper=39.3), number of leaf (FTomato=22.482; FPepper=34.265), Relative growth rate (FTomato=38.522;FPepper=40.646) and chlorophyll content (FTomato=8.4128, 2.5368, 11.411; FPepper=4.6029, 7.8154, 36.746) were also significantly(p<0.05) decreased. The findings showed that both car emissions and heavy industrial activities contributed significantly to the acidity in rainwater. It also demonstrated that acidified rainwater significantly affects the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of plants studied. It is, therefore, important to plant acidophilic trees in the study areas to reduce the effect of acid rain on other vegetable crops.Item Open Access Development of a web-based machine learning money laundering detection and prevention model(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-07) Chukwunonso, Hampo Johnpaul AnenechukwuExplicitly programmed systems, rule-based systems and machine learning systems exist as antmoney laundering systems, however, these systems are for the detection and not prevention of money laundering. This thesis is concerned with the detection and prevention of money laundering by developing a web-based model that uses machine learning (ML) to detect and prevent money laundering transactions. Money laundering which is synonymous with clothes laundering is the process of transforming the real nature of the source of income or money which is usually an illegitimate source to a legitimate source. The model was developed using open datasets on financial transactions from Kaggle.com, which is an open-source website that holds a lot of data. Questionnaires were administered for data acquisition and requirement collection. The questionnaire was given out to people in the banking sector, and the data were analysed to reveal that most respondents see a need for this system and believe it will lead to better financial monitoring and decision-making. The RAD software methodology was applied and Python programming language and Python frameworks were used for this model. recall of 100%, an f1 score (f-measure) of 99.2% and a precision of 98.3% were achieved by this research against the existing system’s metrics of 97%, 97% and 98% for f1-score, precision and recall respectively.Also, an accuracy of 98.4% and 81.9% was achieved for the detection model and the prevention model respectively.Item Open Access Development of a web based emergency response system for flood management.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-07) Amadi, Blessing ChinagoromFloods can cause significant damage and disruption, so having an efficient emergency management system is crucial. This study aims to create a user-friendly web-based system to enhance flood emergency response. Using modern technology and strong data management practices, the system features real-time flood monitoring, quick response team deployment, and visual data tools to help users understand and respond to situations effectively. The system is developed with PHP for the backend and Adobe Dreamweaver for the frontend, ensuring it is secure, private, and tailored to different users like emergency responders, government agencies, and the public. After thorough testing, the system has proven to be reliable, scalable, and easy to use, with a dashboard that provides quick access to critical information, enabling well-informed decision-making during floods. This web-based Emergency Response System represents a significant advancement in flood management, promising to improve response efficiency and reduce the impact of floods on communities and infrastructure.Item Open Access Development of emotion detection system using bidirectional long short-term memory networks.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-11) Amadi, Christian OnyekachiEmotion detection in the context of chatbots holds immense promise for creating more empathetic and responsive conversational agents. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing chatbot capabilities by integrating emotion detection using Bidirectional Long ShortTerm Memory (BiLSTM) neural networks. The primary objective of this research is to equip chatbots with the ability to discern and adapt to the emotional states of users during interactions. Leveraging the advantages of BiLSTM,we develop a model that can capture the temporal dependencies and contextual nuances in user messages, enabling it to accurately identify emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and more. The chatbot's architecture is augmented with the emotion detection module, allowing it to continuously analyze user input and provide emotionally tailored responses. Through a comprehensive dataset of conversational exchanges enriched with emotional labels, our model is trained to understand the intricacies of emotional expressions within text. The results of our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the BiLSTMbased emotion detection approach within the chatbot framework. Users experience more personalized and empathetic interactions as the chatbot adapts its responses to match the detected emotional states. Comparative evaluations against traditional rule-based and non-emotion-aware chatbots underscore the significant improvements in user engagement and satisfaction. In conclusion, this research represents a significant advancement in the field of conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI). The integration of BiLSTM-based emotion detection empowers chatbots to better understand and respond to users' emotions, enhancing user experiences across a range of applications, from customer support to mental health companions. This work paves the way for more emotionally intelligent and empathetic AI-driven conversations, ultimately improving the quality and effectiveness of human-computer interactions.Item Open Access A study on occupational health hazards among oil and gas company workers in ONELGA Rivers State Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-06) Onwusah, Valentine ChineduOccupational health hazard has continued to have a serious public health impact with oil and gas sector being highly affected. Identification of these hazards provides the best approach on how to prevent their occurrence. This study was aimed to identify the occupational health hazards among oil and gas company workers in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LGA (ONELGA) the study is a descriptive design with a study population as 1233, three oil and gas companies were selected from one Local Government Area using simple random sampling technique. The sample size was 400 oil and gas company workers in ONELGA LGA, Rivers State. A well validated questionnaire was employed as part of the data collection process. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and presented in frequency and percentages. A total of 312 and 88 male and female respectively as well as 240 and 160 tertiary and secondary educational certificates holders respectively responded to the test instrument. The null hypotheses were tested using z-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result of this study revealed that 62% of the respondent are aware of the physiczl hazards in their work place, 59% were aware of the chemical hazards in their work place, 53% were aware of the mechanical hazards in their work place, 50% of oil workers agreed that they sustain injuries due to impact force collision and falls, 50% were exposed to heavy metals 75 % were exposed to noise. The study showed that there was a significant association between exposure to chemical hazards and occurrence of diseases. z-critical value of +1.96. The mean and standard deviation for the exposure to chemical hazards were 2.89 and 1.69 respectively. This study shows that workers in the oil and gas companies are exposed to physical, mechanical and chemical hazards, according to findings it is therefore recommended that Management should provide appropriate, adequate and modern Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs,) for workers in the oil and gas companies to improve the health and well-being of their workers. The management should provide first aid equipment in every working site to give first aid/ emergency treatment in case of accidents before being taken to the hospital. Management should provide a functional firefighting system in case of fire outbreaks. The workers should ensure to always put on their personnel protective equipment (PPE) no matter how small or short the job may be to avoid injuries.Item Open Access Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and fatty acid levels in five types of widely consumed dried fish samples consumed in Owerri(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-10) Opaleye, Bukola RuthThe anthropogenic pollutants derived from dumping of agrochemicals and industrial pollutants in the aquatic systems and indiscriminate and destructive fish handling practices poses health hazards to the consumers. These activities have necessitated environmental biomonitoring of fish and fish products which serve as a major and available source of protein. This study quantitatively analysed the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, pesticides and fatty acid content in five types of widely consumed dried fish samples in Owerri, Imo State. Heavy metal was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, and pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid content were determined by Gas Chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector. Heavy metals contents in Round fish, Stock fish, Cray fish, Cat fish and Bonga fish showed highest values of 0.27±0.24, 0.04±0.01, 0.06±0.01, 0.06±0.03, and 0.02±00 mg/kg of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) respectively. While the least concentrations of Pb (0.06±0.04 mg/kg) in Round fish, Cd was not detected in Round fish, Stock fish and Cray fish with the least Cd (0.01±00 mg/kg) in Cat fish; Ni was not detected in Round fish and Stock fish with the least concentration (0.004±0.00 mg/kg) in Cray fish; lowest Hg (0.01±0.00 mg/kg) in stock fish; lowest As (0.004±0.00mg/kg) in Round fish and Cat fish. Pesticide residues of Aldrin, Biphenyl, Carbofuran, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DichhloroBiphenyl, Dichlorvos (2,2- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate-DDVP). Endosulfan, g-chlordane, Glyphosphate, and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Heptachlor, Isopropylamine, Lindane, p'p'-DDD, Profenofos, t-nonachlor were detected in varying concentrations in the dried fish samples. Concentrations of aldrin residues in the fish samples were in decreasing order; Stock fish (1.082 ±0.001 mg/kg) > Bonga fish (0.679±0.001mg/kg) > Crayfish (0.205±0.001 mg/kg) > Cat fish (0.001±0.000mg/kg). Biphenyl residues were not detected in all the dried fish samples except in Cat fish (0.378±0.006mg/kg). DDT residues were not detected in all the dried fish samples except in Cray fish (0.318±0.007mg/kg). Concentrations of DichhloroBiphenyl were 0.095±0.041mg/kg in Crayfish, 0.068±0.007mg/kg in Bonga fish, 0.036±0.024mg/kg in Catfish, and .802±0.547mg/kg in Stockfish. Sixteen PAHs were detected in all the fish samples studied. Total PAHs concentrations in decreasing order were Cat fish (11.84±10.00 µ/kg)>Round fish (10.32±8.74 µ/kg)>Bonga fish (8.04±3.00 µ/kg) > Cray fish (3.92±0.54 µ/kg)> Stock fish (3.53±0.08 µ/kg). Twelve fatty acids were detected in varying concentrations in the five dried fish samples. Total Fatty acids concentration in decreasing order were Bonga fish (139.42±12.12 µ/kg) > Cray fish (66.15±4.80 µ/kg) > Cat fish (60.68±2.22 µ/kg) > Stock fish (59.13±4.79 µ/kg) > Round fish (58.28±10.09 µ/kg).The results obtained in this study indicates that indiscriminate dumping of agrochemicals and industrial pollutants in the aquatic systems and indiscriminate and unwholesome fish processing and handling practices as source of pesticides, heavy metals and PAHs. Furthermore, processing and handling practices were implicated in the decrease in the polyunsaturated and the essential fatty acid in the smoked dried fish samples (Bonga fish, Cat fish and Round fish) as compared to the sun dried fish samples(Cray fish and stock fish).Item Open Access Examination of the influence of procurement management strategies on effective construction project delivery in Rivers State.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-06) Fubara, Jacob IgoniThis research aims at examining the influence of procurement management strategies on effective construction project delivery in Rivers state, Nigeria. Additionally, this study seeks to identify and categorize the procurement management strategies currently in use in the effective delivery of construction projects, determine the influence of procurement management strategies on effective construction project delivery, analyses and correlate the difference between the traditional procurement management strategies and non-traditional procurement management strategies on construction project delivery in Rivers State. The study was guided by the transaction cost economics, principal-agent, resource-based view, stakeholder and institutional theories. The study used an exploratory and descriptive research design methods of investigation, and a census sampling technique was used to select a sample size from 84 population of the practitioners in Rivers state. The study employed a well-structured standardized questionnaire designed in Likert five-point scales, in addition to personal observations to elicit responses from construction firms and projects situated in Rivers State, Nigeria. The questionnaires underwent pre-testing and validation to ensure their reliability. The study utilized various statistical tools such as tables and descriptive statistics to present the demographic data. Additionally, the Factor. Analysis technique, Multiple Regression and Correlation analysis were employed to analyses the major issues in the study. The statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0. The study's results show That out of the twelve (12) procurement management strategies (variables) tested for factor analysis, the findings revealed six clusters named in other of significance as DBPS, DLPS, DBBPS, LCPS, CMPS and CRCPS. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that Design and build procurement system, Design bid build procurement system, lump-sum contract procurement system, direct labour procurement strategy, and construction management procurement system influenced effective construction procurement. management strategies in Rivers state. The study suggests that project executioners in Rivers State should adopt modern procurement strategies, such as the integrated project delivery (IPD) method, to improve the efficiency and reliability of construction projects. It also suggests separating design and construction teams to ensure due diligence in the handling of works. Nontraditional procurement methods, such as DBB, are expected to address industry challenges like project delays and cost overruns. The study suggests that more attention should be given to nontraditional procurement systems to change the narrative in the Nigerian construction industry, aiming to deliver projects on schedule, cost, quality, and value for money.Item Open Access An improved data leakage detection system in a cloud computing environment(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-01) Okochi, Prisca IjeomaAn Improved Data Leakage Detection System is designed to mitigate the leakage of crucial and sensitive data in a cloud computing environment. Generally, leakage of data in computing system has caused a lot of irreparable damage or catastrophe to various institutions and organisations worldwide. Therefore, this research aims at detecting and preventing any intentional or non-intentional data leakages using dynamic password for data security. To achieve this the Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) was adopted. The new system was implemented using ASP.net MVC and Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio as the backend. And by incorporating an Audit trail/Transaction log mechanism, the new system monitors the activities within and outside the computing environment with date and time stamp. Hence, the system can be applied in any environment for the prevention and detection of any data leakage.Item Open Access Investigation of local barites in drilling muds formulation at HTHP conditions(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-04) Omeokwe, Ifeanyi KenechukwuIn order to counter-balance the formation pressure, the drilling mud is weighted up using a chemical additive, usually Barite. The usability of locally sourced Nigerian Barites on the major types of drilling fluids in conventional and High-Pressure-High-Temperature conditions is presented. Water-Based mud, Oil-Based mud and Synthetic oil-Based mud formulations with locally sourced Barite were tested according to the ‘API RP 13B’. Hole cleaning capabilities of the formulations by the use of Cutting Carrying Index and Cutting Concentration as indicators show that Osina, Gabu and Obubra Nigerian Barites with SG’s ranging from 4.0 to 4.6 are suitable for use as drilling fluid additives; with Cutting Carrying Index in the range of 23.27 to 120.54 for Water-Based mud, 0.89 to 3.98 for Oil-Based mud and 0.45 to 1.13 for Synthetic-Based mud, and Cutting Concentration of average of 4.15 vol. % at 355gpm and 300ft/hr ROP for Water-Based mud, Oil-Based mud and Synthetic-Based mud, with MAXROP of 364ft/hr under the same conditions. Moreso, laminar flow regime in the annulus is predicted for all the mud types under the same conditions and temperatures specified. CCI for water based mud decreased from ambient, 120oF, 180oF to 240oF, compared with API mud used as control sample. Oil extracted from Irvingia Gabonensis used to formulate the Synthetic-Based mud exhibited understandable physical properties such as SG of 0.836 at 60oC and a flash point of >300oC, and could serve as replacement for diesel used as base fluid in Oil-Based muds since it is also biodegradable, though the Synthetic-Based mud exhibited unfavourable characteristics in terms of low CCI value(s) and higher filter cake thickness. All the muds displayed flat or non-progressive gel; gel strengths that break with minimal initiation pressure. Locally sourced Nigerian barites have been shown to exhibit favourable properties in the mud formulations both in conventional and High-Pressure-High-Temperature drilling conditions.Item Open Access Development of hybrid clustering algorithm for efficient medical resources allocation.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-08) Akhigbemidu, Ozemoya RexEfficient medical resource allocation is a critical challenge in healthcare systems, particularly with increasing demand and limited resources for managing in-patient and out-patient treatment datasets. This project is motivated by the need to address this challenge, as clustering algorithms offer a promising approach for grouping healthcare data, enabling more effective distribution of medical resources. This project aimed to develop a hybrid clustering algorithm that combines the strengths of density-based and partitioning methods to optimize medical resource allocation. The project used a combination of K-representative and K-means clustering algorithms. Adopting the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology, the proposed algorithm analyzes medical datasets to produce more effective clusters, revealing insights that enhance resource distribution. The hybrid algorithm, implemented using the JAVA object-oriented programming tool, generated better-defined clusters of in-patients and out-patients, providing actionable knowledge and intelligence for optimizing medical resource allocation. The results demonstrate the algorithm's potential to improve decision-making in healthcare systems by enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation. The findings further suggest that this hybrid algorithm can serve as a robust tool for healthcare providers, contributing to more efficient resource management and better patient outcomes.Item Open Access Accumulation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in toposequence around the industrial area of Aba, Nigeria .(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2022-12) Franklin, Ifeoma RoseThe simultaneous accumulations of heavy metals and polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gained considerable attention since soils contaminated with PAHs were frequently reported to contain high amounts of heavy metal. The present study was carried out to assess heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around the industrial area of Aba. Samples were collected from Ogbor hill, Ndi Egoro and Umuobo village. Umuobo village, served as the control. Heavy metals analyzed were lead, cadmium, iron, argon, manganese, mercury, zinc and copper using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analyzed were naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene,fluorine, phenanthrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo (e) pryene, dibeno (a,h) anthracene, Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, benzo (b) triphenylene and benxo (ghi) perylene using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) method. The statistical methods used were standard error of mean, two way analysis of variance and multiple unpaired T-test of variance. Iron recorded the highest concentration in all the sampling points with the mid slope having the highest concentration of 295.83±1.15 mg/kg and 291.77±5.94 kg/mg (0-15 cm) for Ogbor hill and Ndi Egoro, respectively. While cadmium has the lowest concentration in all the points, with the valley bottom having the lowest with 0.01±0.02 mg/kg and 0.25±0.08 kg/mg in Ogbor hill and Ndi Egoro, respectively. The control recorded a very low concentration of the heavy metals in both sampling sites. The highest was at the crest with the concentration of 0.7±0.00 mg/kg (15-30 cm) in Iron. Mercury and argon were not detected in crest, mid slope and valley bottom of both Ogbor hill and Ndi Egoro. In Ogbor hill, indeno (1, 2, 3-cd) pyrene recorded the highest concentration at both the crest and mid slope, with 2.53±0.43 and 1.02±0.03 respectively. While Benzo (e) pryene recorded the highest concentration at the valley bottom with 0.68±0.28. The control also recorded the lowest concentrations of the entire polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The highest concentration was recorded at the crest with 1.86±1.64 ppm (15-30 cm) of Indeno (1, 2, 3-cd) pyrene. It is recommended that the industry owners/operators should ensure that effluent treatment plants are installed in their facilities, and should be operated at optimum conditions and manned by qualified personnel.Item Open Access Effects of glyphosate and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the hatchability and larval development of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus)(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2019-12) Alozie, Stephen NnadozieThe effects of the exposure of glyphosate and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, on the egg hatchability and larvae development ofCatfish (Clarias gariepinus)were evaluated using standard methods. Acute toxicity,hatchability of eggs, survivability of larvae, biochemical and histological parameters of reproductive organs and skin were evaluated. The acute lethal study of glyphosate and 2, 4-D on catfish fingerlings showed that no fish died within 24 hrs. However, for the mixture of glyphosate and 2, 4-D, at higher concentrations death occurred, and the LD50was less than 2500mg/kg (2154.07mg/kg). There was a change inwater quality resulting from application of the toxicants compared to the control. There wasalso decrease in the hatchability of the eggsand reproductive success for the mixture of glyphosate and 2, 4-D treatments. The highest percentage mortalityand least percentage survivability(after fourteen days) were recorded in the mixture of glyphosate and 2, 4-D-treated eggs (72±60 and 20±16.67 respectively). The mean weight gain value and the instantaneous growth rate, expressed as Specific Growth Rate (SGR), werelow in the mixture of glyphosate and 2, 4-D (0.75 ± 0.08g and 0.71 respectively) compared with control (2.24±0.22). Physical examination showed the larvae of the mixture of glyphosate and 2, 4-D to be smaller and lighter (tail region appeared transparent) relative to those from other treatments and control. Biochemical parameterson the liver revealed elevation in the activities of stimulating liver enzymes (GSH and GST)in all experimental groups (1.06/6.88E-06, 1.67/5.72E-06, 1.73/5.88E-06) compared with control (1.53/4.28E-06). There werealso elevation in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation compared with control. There was reduction in the total protein level for the glyphosate treatment (15.46g/l) compared to control (25.60g/l). The histological changes observed in this experiment revealed that glyphosate, 2, 4-D and their mixtures caused negative effects on the skin, testes and ova of Clarias gariepinus brood stocks. The fish organs examined showed varying degrees of pathological alterations/degenerations to the skin, testes and ova in all the treatments compared to the control. These results show that the herbicides, glyphosate and 2, 4-D, have toxic effects on the hatchability and survivability of Clarias gariepinus. These toxic effects were more deleterious when the two herbicides were mixed, as the synergistic effects greatly impeded fish reproductionItem Open Access Prediction of re-aeration coefficient of rivers from streamflow characteristics(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2023-04) Chimezie, Udochi Ijeoma.In this study, a new model, designated as the N-Model, was developed to predict the re-aeration coefficient of rivers using streamflow characteristics. Re-aeration is an important phenomenon that sustains dissolved oxygen levels in receiving waters to support aquatic life and natural selfpurification of streams and rivers. Development of the N-Model was done for the sole purpose of getting a more accurate model that could easily be applied with no heavy laboratory work in order to be put into application on site. The performance of the N-Model is compared against various existing empirical models like O'Connor, Parkhurst, Churchill, Krenkel, Thackston, and Owen. Data collection was done from the following rivers: Otammiri, Kaduna, Adada, Oshika lake and Atuwara. Using O'Connor's model, the re-aeration coefficient of the Otammiri River was found to be 0.0753 with a very high correlation coefficient of 99.2%. The N-Model predicted the value for Otammiri River to be 0.076 with an accuracy of 98.4%. This was determined by comparing the predicted value of the N-Model with observed data, where the minimal difference between the two (0.076 vs. 0.075) indicated that the model was highly effective in estimating the re-aeration coefficient. The model by Parkhurst produced a coefficient of 0.078 while other models like the ones by Churchill and Owen showed much higher discrepancies with percentage errors of over 70%. Across all rivers, the N-Model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, with an overall correlation coefficient of 98.9% and a low standard error of less than 4%. However, other models like Churchill and Krenkel give very small correlation coefficients often less than 25%, indicating that the N-Model offers a reliable and efficient alternative for estimating re-aeration coefficients from streamflow characteristics in varying environments.Item Open Access Communication factors for managing construction projects delivery amidst corona virus pandemic in Anambra State.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2022-11) Chukwuneke, Chetanna Jude.The activities of the construction industry are very vital to the growth and development of every society especially in developing nations like Nigeria, but the success of a project largely depends on the efficiency of its communication network, especially in the wave of Corona virus (COVID 19) with its attendant protocols. The restriction on movement due to lockdown during this time has really bridged the communication factors. This research therefore is on communication factors for managing construction projects delivery amidst Corona Virus pandemic in Anambra State. To elicit responses for the study, specific objectives include: to identify the major communication factors affecting managing construction projects delivery amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Anambra state, to analyse the extent of effect of drone technology for managing construction projects delivery amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Anambra state, to evaluate the influence of written communication in managing construction projects delivery amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Anambra and to investigate the extent of effect of communication with a social medium on project delivery performance amid COVID-19 pandemic in Anambra State while hypotheses and research questions were also formulated to align with the objectives of the study. Literatures were reviewed, and the study adopted exploratory survey research designs. Data were sourced from 87 respondents from the company. The instrument was validated and was also subjected to reliability which has internal consistency of 0.7r was used for data collection. A test re-test method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and the result were appropriately scored. The data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that Oral and visual communication, social media communication, electronic communication and written communication are the major communicating factors for the company during pandemic. Recommendations were made towards adopting appropriate communication factors during construction project delivery in Anambra State during COVID-19 pandemic.Item Open Access Formation evaluation and reservoir properties estimation of hydrocarbon zone in ' Azoh' field onshore Niger Delta(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2023-09) Ozah, EdwardFormation evaluation of three wells in the ‗Azoh‘ field, Northern Delta Depobelt, was carried out in this study in order to identify potential prospective pay zones, their potential hydrocarbon fluid content and reservoir quality. An integrated methodology involving the use of well logs, mud logs and core data (sidewall core descriptions and core photos) was adopted to delineate three reservoir sand units, designated D2000, E3100 and F1000 reservoir sands respectively. Reservoir properties including water saturation, effective porosity and net reservoir thickness were computed and used to estimate the volume of in-place hydrocarbons within these reservoirs. In addition, the depositional environments were characterized using gamma ray log shape. Results of the petrophysical analysis revealed that these reservoirs are high quality sands, with estimated average effective porosity values of 20% for D2000 sand, 30% for E3100 sand and 25% for F1000 sand, respectively, which are within the range for commercial accommodation of hydrocarbon. Generally, the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoirs are good especially at the areas of interest (hydrocarbon zones). This can be attributed to their depositional environment which ranges from distributary mouth bars to shoreface deposits. The volume of shale values for some of the reservoirs are within the limits that could not affect the water saturation, while the water saturation in some zones is appreciably low (1%- 21%), indicating that hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs are likely to be water free. D2000 sand and F1000 sand tested oil in the three wells, while E3100 sand tested gas in the wells. Each of the reservoir sand have an average estimated permeability value of 16.92mD for D2000 sand, 47.80mD for E3100 sand and 28.05mD for F1000 sand respectively, indicating that the reservoirs have good interconnected pores. Estimates of hydrocarbon volumes showed that D2000 and F1000 sands both have 2.9 and 2.4 billion barrels of recoverable oil respectively, while E3100 have 3.1 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas. These results on the whole suggest that the reservoir sand units of ‗Azoh‘ Field contain significant accumulations of hydrocarbon.Item Open Access Design and development of an IoT- based face recognition smart access control system(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2025-04) Nnajiofor, George AnayoThis thesis presents a smart IoT-based face recognition access control system. Initially, users must enter a password. If the password is correct, the door unlocks automatically; if incorrect, the system triggers an alarm, captures images of the user, and sends a security alert with the photos to the rightful owner via the Telegram application. The system captures the intruder's face and denies access to unauthorized users if the captured face does not match the stored one. It allows authorized users to enter and exit restricted areas and features real-time image capture and transmission of the intruder's photos. Methodology: The system uses face recognition technology with an ESP32 camera module connected to a solenoid lock via a DC relay. A 4x4 keypad was linked to the microcontroller for password entry. The ESP32 camera was integrated with the owner's Telegram account. The system connects to a network through a router or phone hotspot, providing global accessibility. Results: A functional prototype was developed, implemented, and tested in real-time, successfully sending intruder photos when incorrect passwords were entered. This system significantly enhances security by accurately identifying individuals based on unique facial features, reducing the risk of unauthorized access through stolen keys, access cards, or PIN codes, thus improving security for homes, offices, and other facilities.Item Open Access Forced vibration analysis of rectangular clamped plate subjected to hydrostatic loads(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2015-07) Adeduntan, Kolawole Sunday.This study presents forced vibration analysis of rectangular clamped plate subjected to hydrostatic load. Galerkin’s equilibrium equation of plate under forced vibration was used. Orthogonal polynomial deflection equation of a plate under hydrostatic load was also used. The deflection equation was substituted into the Galerkin equation and integrated within the closed domain. After integration, the natural frequency of the plate was determined for free vibration. The coefficient of the deflection for the various cases of forced vibration was also determined. Different percentages (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of the fundamental natural frequency were used as various forcing frequencies. With these frequencies, this study obtained deflection, bending moment and shear force of the plate for different values of aspect ratios (p=a/b), where a and b are the plate dimensions along x and y-axes. The values of fundamental natural frequency obtained were compared with those from Ventsel and Krauthemmer, Galin and Janich. For a square plate, the fundamental natural frequency obtained is 35.9982Hz and those of Ventsel and Krauthemmer, Galin and Janich are 36.3485Hz, 36.000Hz and 37.2500Hz respectively. For the same square plate, the mid span deflection using 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fundamental natural frequency are 0.00131m, 0.00164m, 0.00218m, 0.00327m and 0.00655m respectively. The edge bending moments of the square plate for same forcing frequencies are 0.0503KNm, 0.0621KNm, 0.0828KNm, 0.1257KNm and 0.2513KNm respectively. It was observed that deflection, bending moment and shear force increase as the forcing frequency increases.Item Open Access Sequence Stratigraphic and fault-seal interpretations of reservoir in ' Ikeani' field, coastal swamp depobelt, Niger Delta Nigeria.(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2023-09) Edema, Saviour AnirejuoritseThe aim of this work is to show the spartial distribution of the reservoir architectural elements in “Ikeani” Field, Coastal Swamp depobelt using data from well logs, checkshot, biostratigraphy and 3D seismic in the evaluation of sequence stratigraphy, structural interpretation, seismic stratigraphy and amplitude extraction. The results of the sequence stratigraphy delineates the reservoir geometries, stacking patterns, sequences and parasequences. These were directly interpreted sequel to relative sea level fluctuations and sediments infills. It is observed that the reservoir qualities varies by virtue of the sequences (Highstand Systems Tract, Transgressive Systems Tract and Lowstand Systems Tract). The HSTs as seen in this study have clean and better developed sand reservoirs. They are generally aggradational to progradational. The TST‟s are dirty towards the top and are mostly retrogradational channels terminating up dip at the Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS). These MFS‟s considering their good thickness are likely good top seals to the TST reservoirs. The LSTs are mainly progradational with intercalations of sand and shales typical of prograding wedge deposits, slope deposit and basin floor fan deposits. Fault truncations as interpreted in this research, caused different reservoir closures. However, some other faults as seen in this study has penetrated some stacking geometries of reservoirs resulting to faulted out (missing section typical of C7000 Reservoir) and fault cut (short section typical of C6000) depicting non-testing of hydrocarbon in some wells such as C7000_reservior which could not be penetrated by Ikeani Well 7. Also, hydrocarbon accumulations as delimited at reservoir intervals using both well logs and seismic are complemented with the associated depo environment as interpreted in this study. However, non-faulted or four-way dip closure of a reservoir is also seen in this study. This is typical of C13000. The study adopted seismic stratigraphy to delineate the reflection configurations and patterns such as the divergent and sub-parallel seismic configurations connoting different/fluctuations of depositional environment. These were then complemented with Root Mean Square Amplitude extraction to display the diverse intermingled barrier channel truncated reservoir deposits. The sealing capacity of the reservoir is demonstrated within the fault surface utilizing the Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) as the sealing parameter – attributing its rock components as stratigraphic juxtapositions, catalasis and influential across fault pressure as the capillary pressure. This disclosed that faults forming closures at studied reservoir levels had over 60% SGR and as such caused good sealing in C6000 reservoir by impeding further oil migration as well as being supported and capped with over 70% Volume of Shale as the top seal rock.Item Open Access Formation evaluation and reservoir properties estimation of hydrocarbon zones in 'AZOH' field onshore Niger Delta(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-09) Ozah, EdwardFormation evaluation of three wells in the "Azoh‘ field, Northern Delta Depobelt, was carried out in this study in order to identify potential prospective pay zones, their potential hydrocarbon fluid content and reservoir quality. An integrated methodology involving the use of well logs, mud logs and core data (sidewall core descriptions and core photos) was adopted to delineate three reservoir sand units, designated D2000, E3100 and F1000 reservoir sands respectively. Reservoir properties including water saturation, effective porosity and net reservoir thickness were computed and used to estimate the volume of in-place hydrocarbons within these reservoirs. In addition, the depositional environments were characterized using gamma ray log shape. Results of the petrophysical analysis revealed that these reservoirs are high quality sands, with estimated average effective porosity values of 20% for D2000 sand, 30% for E3100 sand and 25% for F1000 sand, respectively, which are within the range for commercial accommodation of hydrocarbon. Generally, the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoirs are good especially at the areas of interest (hydrocarbon zones). This can be attributed to their depositional environment which ranges from distributary mouth bars to shoreface deposits. The volume of shale values for some of the reservoirs are within the limits that could not affect the water saturation, while the water saturation in some zones is appreciably low (1%- 21%), indicating that hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs are likely to be water free. D2000 sand and F1000 sand tested oil in the three wells, while E3100 sand tested gas in the wells. Each of the reservoir sand have an average estimated permeability value of 16.92mD for D2000 sand, 47.80mD for E3100 sand and 28.05mD for F1000 sand respectively, indicating that the reservoirs have good interconnected pores. Estimates of hydrocarbon volumes showed that D2000 and F1000 sands both have 2.9 and 2.4 billion barrels of recoverable oil respectively, while E3100 have 3.1 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas. These results on the whole suggest that the reservoir sand units of ‗Azoh‘ Field contain significant accumulations of hydrocarbon.