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Recent Submissions
Load flow control and analytical assessment of voltage stability index using thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC)
(U. P., 2014-04) Akwukwaegbu, I. O.; Okwe, Gerald Ibe
- Voltage stability problem has become one of the major concerns in the operation of power system in recent years. The reason is that power systems all over the globe are being operated with reduced margins because of the exponentially growing demands and the associated stress on the power transmission resources aggravated by a general reluctance to invest in improvement of the electric grid infrastructure. Moreover, voltage instability has been responsible for severe network collapses world-wide and subsequently, the possible threat of voltage instability is becoming more pronounced in power utilities. In order to avoid the voltage collapse, this paper presents maximum loadability identification of a load bus in a power transmission network which is achieved by performing voltage stability study by utilizing Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) as an indicator of the maximum loadability termed as Qmax. In this technique, reactive power loading will be increased gradually at particular load bus until the FVSI reaches close to unity. Therefore, a critical value of FVSI was set as the maximum loadability point. This value ensures the system from entering voltage-collapse region. The main purpose in the maximum loadability assessment is to plan for the maximum allowable load value to avoid voltagecollapse; which is important in power system planning risk assessment index. In order to improve the system stability, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is installed in the most severe line, which is identified from the line stability index values of all lines in a system. TCSC is a series compensated device used for voltage
stability enhancement, which is to be connected in series with transmission line. It can control the transmission line impedance to improve the line transfer capability and to regulate the receiving end bus voltage. This proposed
technique was applied to solve real problems in a 14 bus power grid using Power flow analysis. Power flow is very necessary for planning, operation, economic scheduling and exchange of power between utilities. Newton
Raphson iterative algorithm is used for solving the power flow problems due to its ability to converge very fast with small number of iteration. Simulation of power flow solutions with and without TCSC was done using MATLAB 7.5 program. The result shows that the application of TCSC improved the voltage profile of the system and furtherly enhanced the power flow.
Water flooding process of oil recovery in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria
(U. P., 2020) Chikwe, A. O.; Duru, U. I.; Obasi, E. C.
Water flooding is a process of hydrocarbon recovery where water is injected through injection wells into the reservoir to recover oil from the production well. It is usually injected in a reservoir rock that has fluid communication with the producing reservoir. Waterflooding is secondary recovery mechanism whose purpose is to maintain and support reservoir pressure thus displacing hydrocarbon towards the producing wellbore. In this study a reservoir in the Niger Delta, Reservoir OZ-70 is used for evaluation and economic analysis of the water flooding project using five spot pattern. Reservoir OZ-70 had oil at the start of the flood to be 2.38MMSTB. The reservoir was left depleted with the unrecovered oil in it. But based on the analysis carried out on secondary oil recovery by water flooding, 0.98 MMSTB was recovered from 2.38 MMSTB about 41.1% at a breakthrough period of 428 days. When water viscosity was increased from 0.60 to 0.65, 0.99MMSTB about 41.7% was recovered. Economic evaluation of the reservoir oz-70 water flooding project was also performed. Net present value (NPV) was calculated to be $8.74million while internal rate of return (IRR) at a discount rate of 10% was 126.3%. Therefore, since the NPV is greater than zero and IRR greater than hurdle rate (10%) the project is economically viable.
Use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools for mitigating land conflicts in Delta State, Nigeria
(SAAT FUTO, 2021) Ajaero, Joseph Onyewuchi
The study investigated the utilization of ICT tools for mitigating land conflicts in Delta State, Nigeria. Data were collected with structured questionnaire distributed to 120 respondents who were randomly selected. Percentage and mean were used to statistically analyze data. It was found that the following possible ICT devices/tools could be used in the area; computer (99.2%), internet (94.2%), maps/survey plans (89.2%) and internal data capture system (71.7%). Several factors causing land conflicts were double allocation of land (𝑋̅=3.60), inefficiency in delivering land service (𝑋̅=3.55), family boundary disputes (𝑋̅=3.53), corruption/ greed (𝑋̅=3.49), inappropriate use of technology to register lands, (𝑋̅=3.39), inappropriate land tenure systems (𝑋̅=3.27) and communal boundary disputes. It was observed that ICT has a significant role in mitigating land conflicts. The ICT role in land conflicts management is felt in the areas of facilitating easy planning and management, increased awareness on land issues and it ensures security on land tenure system The use of geographical information system (GIS) should be introduced by government to support spatial analysis and visualization, including a map based interface for web information services. Government should introduce Land Information System (LIS) to the land offices at local level to improve efficiency in delivering land services.
Potentials of hyppocratea pallens planch leave extract as inhibition towards the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media
(Der Pharma Chemica, 2012) Akalezi, C.; Enenebaku, C.; Okolue, B.; Oguzie, E.
The inhibiting effect of leaf extracts of Hyppocratea pallens planhc.ex oliv on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions has been investigated by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The effect of temperature on the corrosion and inhibition processes was studied in the temperature range 303-333K. The presence of this plant extract reduced considerably the corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic media and the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with extract concentration up to 1000 mgL-1. The results suggest that the extract inhibited the corrosion reaction via adsorption of the organic matter on the metal surface, following the Langmuir isotherm and inhibited both the anodic and cathodic partial reactions.
Phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties of gmelina arborea (Verberaceae) ethanolic leaf extract and its secondary metabolites
(MEDWIN Publisher, 2020-12-04) Ijezie, M. K. L.; Ezirim, S.; Azih, I.; Ogukwe, C. E.; Akalezi, C. O.
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of Gmelina arborea ethanolic leaf extract which is used in traditional medicine for treating different ailments such as hallucinations, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensation, diabetes and fever. It is also intended to study its acidic, basic and neutral metabolites with a view to identify the phytochemical compounds responsible for the observed antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the airdried ethanolic leaf extract and its secondary metabolites in the Research Laboratory of Phytochemistry/ Chromatography, N4 Alaenyi Street, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The antimicrobial study was carried out using the Agar disc diffusion method and determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in the department of Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The ethanol leaf extract and its secondary metabolites (acidic, basic and neutral) were prepared and assayed for antimicrobial activities. The test microorganisms used were Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli and Coliform bacilli. Inhibition zone diameter was used as a measure of the antimicrobial activity. The results of the antimicrobial screening of the crude extract and metabolites showed that the crude extract, acidic and neutral metabolites possessed antimicrobial activity to various extents against the microorganisms tested whereas the basic metabolite showed no activity at all. The results showed that the crude extract exhibited its greatest activity against Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with inhibition diameter of 20 mm at 1.0 mg/ml and MIC of 0.5 mg/ml. The least activity was against Salmonella spp with inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm and MIC of 0.5 mg/ml. The acidic metabolite exhibited its greatest activity against Escherichia coli with inhibition zone diameter of 35 mm at 1.0 mg/ ml and MIC of 0.25 mg/ml. The least activity was against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp with inhibition zone diameter of 25 mm at 1.0 mg/ml and MIC of 0.5 mg/ml respectively. The neutral metabolite exhibited its greatest activity against Salmonella spp and Coliform bacilli with inhibition zone diameter of 30 mm at 1.0 mg/ml and MIC of 0.5 mg/ml. The least activity was against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm at 1.0 mg/ml and MIC of 0.5 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, steroids, carbonyl compounds and carbohydrates. Saponins, carbonyl compounds and carbohydrates were shown to be much higher in concentration than other phytochemicals. The results obtained in this study confirm the antimicrobial properties of Gmelina arborea leaf extract and suggest that this property resides in the acidic and neutral metabolites since the basic metabolite showed no activity at all. The study supports the use of this plant in folk medicine for treatment of ailments such as stomach disorders, healing of wounds, burning sensation and fever.