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Recent Submissions
Noise levels, traffic flow in Port Harcourt Metropolis and validation of calixto mathematical noise prediction model
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2016-04) George, Daye Mandy Clement
Noise levels in selected locations in Port Harcourt metropolis, was assessed using field measurements and Calixto mathematical model. This was carried out in 10 different locations around the city using an Extech model 407780A integrated sound level meter, and Garmin eTrex HC GPS for geo-referencing. Measurements were carried out at various periods of the day (Morning, afternoon, evening and night). Calixto mathematical model was also applied to predict noise levels after counting the number of vehicular flow in a day at the located sites. Pearsons‟ product moment correlation (r) was employed to compare the Leq measured with the Leq calculated, and single factor anova was used to ascertain any significant difference in noise levels in the monitored locations, while the results were validated using descriptive statistics. Results obtained showed that equivalent noise levels for the studied locations were all higher than the recommended standard by World Health Organization (WHO). Day-time and night-time noise levels were also obtained and used to ascertain the noise quality description of the city. The results also revealed that the day time mean equivalent noise level of the city were all of hazardous quality in the busy road junction/major intersections (95.99dB (A)), passenger loading bus stops (95.82dB (A)), and commercial areas (94.04dB (A)), while that of the residential areas were all of good quality, 56.27dB (A) and 58.80dB (A) for low and high density residential areas, respectively. Similarly, the night time noise levels were all of hazardous quality with values of 98.81dB (A), 92.17dB (A) and 85.36dB (A) for busy road junctions, passenger loading bus stop and commercial areas in that order. The residential areas also had satisfactory quality of 58.29 and 63.90dB (A) respectively for low and high density areas. Day-night time noise levels were very high. The night time which would have served as recovery time for people who were exposed to noise were lacking in these areas. The Pearsons‟ product moment correlation ( r) for all the periods of the day studied, showed that there was a strong relationship or association between them, as the values obtained were close to unity (1). The result of descriptive statistics showed that the mean ± SD, coefficient of variance and standard errors were very close to each other and comparable, indicating the accuracy of the method. Validation was further confirmed by the low values of standard deviation, coefficient of variance and standard error. The result also revealed that there was statistically significant difference in the level of noise exposure at different locations studied (P<0.05). It is recommended that those whose daily activities confine them to areas with unhealthy noise levels should make sure they have at least 10 hours of recovery time in areas where the sound level is less than 65dB (A). The authority should improve the traffic situation in the city so as to prevent traffic build up in areas with high noise levels.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of quaternary ammonium salts from an epoxide, ethanolamines and a long chain haloalkane
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-09) Enyia, Chibuike
Quaternary ammonium compounds were synthesized through epoxide ring opening with ethanolamines, and subsequent quaternization with cetylbromide. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometric analyses of the two intermediates N-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropylamine and N-hydroxyethyl –N,N-(bis)-[2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl] amine and their corresponding starting materials showed a disappearance of the N-H stretch of the amines at 3291.2 cm-1 3350.9 cm-1, 3287.5 cm-1 and the appearance of a broad secondary O-H peaks at 3347.1 cm-1 and 3365.8 cm-1 from the ring opening of the epoxide group. Mass spectrometric analysis of the final product Ncetyl-N-hydroxyethyl–N-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl ammonium bromide showed the presence of the molecular ion (M+) peak m/z = 451.0, while that of N-cetyl-N-hydroxyethyl-N,N-(bis)-[2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl]ammonium bromide showed m/z = 587.0. The antibacterial activities of the intermediate and the final products were investigated, relative to ampicillin which was used as a reference, the synthesized quaternary ammonium salts exhibited good antibacterial activity on a number of bacteria strains especially against Gram-positive bacteria with the following zones of inhibition: Staphylococcus aureus (23 mm and 23 mm), Lactobacillus spp (24 mm and 25 mm), Escherichia coli (14 mm and 16 mm), Salmonella enteric (12 mm and 14 mm) and Klebsiella spp (14 mm and 14 mm).
Introduction to Agriculture
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2014) School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Crop Science and Technology.
Introduction to Agriculture
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2015) School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Crop Science and Technology.
Transient performance evaluation of diurnal heating and nocturnal cooling of water using a hybrid flat-plate solar collector/radiator
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri., 2019-02) Nwaji, Godswill Nnabuihe
Present energy dependence on fossil sources has been identified as the primary cause of the twin menace of global warming and climate change, hence the focus of the ensuing investigation on renewable energy resources to address the current environmental concerns. The transient performance evaluation of a hybrid solar collector/nocturnal radiator (SCONOR) for diurnal water heating and nocturnal water cooling is thus presented. The mathematical models of the physical system are based on the heat transfer mechanism in the SCONOR-bond-tube-water arrangement while for accumulative heating and cooling performances the models were based on lumped energy equations in the SCONOR and multi-zone stratification models in the thermal energy storage tanks. The resulting equations were discretized using finite element numerical scheme for ease of implementation in a digital computer. The transformed equations were solved using a scripted code written with FlexPDE finite element model builder and numerical solver version 7.12. The numerical results obtained from the models were compared with experimental data from literature sourced from three different climatic conditions. In the transient diurnal heating mode, the time of occurrence of SCONOR, bond, tube and water peak temperatures were accurately predicted while a mean deviation of 4-8.6oC was observed between the reported data and numerical predictions. For the transient nocturnal performance evaluation of the SCONOR, the model results closely matched experimental results with a mean deviation of less than 0.2oC, given that the initial conditions varied at about 7oC which was maintained throughout the nocturnal period with minimal fluctuations. The model results from a 24-hour performance cycle covering diurnal heating, cool down and nocturnal cooling of the SCONOR closely matched experimental results for the absorber and radiator functions of the hybrid system with mean deviations of 3-5 oC in the diurnal heating mode and 0.2-0.4oC in the nocturnal cooling mode. The accumulated performance results during the diurnal thermal storage and nocturnal thermal storage were also compared with available experimental data from literature, and the results show good agreement with mean deviations of 0.2-5 oC and 7oC during heating and cooling respectively. The thermal energy accumulated in the hot tank during diurnal heating maintained the modelled room temperature at approximately 5oC above ambient during the cold harmattan night and that accumulated in the cold storage tank maintained the modelled room temperature at 5.7oC below ambient during the hot day. From parametric analyses, the optimal design parameters are 0.26m, 0.003m, 0.1m, and 1 for the bond width, bond thickness, riser tube spacing and number of windscreen respectively. The overall results show that the developed models are useful design tools for the integrated diurnal water heating-and-nocturnal water cooling.