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Recent Submissions
Age and gender variations of visual impairment in the distribution of cataract at Ehime Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria
(U. P., 2015-03) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N; Esenwah E. C.; Agu, G. C.; Okorie, M. E.
This study was carried out in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria, to assess the age and gender variations in visual impairment among individuals with cataract. Out of 233 subjects examined, 68 males and 68 females were found to have cataract. The mean age of the male subjects was 61.37±13.97 while the mean age of the female subjects was 56.78±14.05. Results of the best correctable visual acuity of the male and female subjects in the better eye using the WHO classification revealed that 33 (24.26%) males and 28 (20.60%) females were normal with a best correctable visual acuity of 6/6 to 6/18. Twenty four (17.65%) males and 25 (18.38%) females had visual impairment with a visual acuity of <6/18 – 6/60. Severe visual impairment was seen in 5 (3.67%) males and 4 (2.94%) females. Subjects in categories 3, 4 and 5 were labeled blind according to WHO definition with a male frequency of 1 (0.74%), 4 (2.94%) and 1 (0.74%) respectively. The female frequency was 4 (2.94%), 5 (3.67%) and 2 (1.47%) respectively. SPSS statistical software analysis using the paired sample T test showed that the age and gender variations in visual impairment was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval, t(67)= -4.394, (p<0.05).
Examining adsorbent charge effect on metal removal from contaminated water
(David Publishing, 2022) Agwaramgbo, Lovell; Alisa, Christopher O.; Doyle, Jailen
Heavy metal contaminated water sources can cause serious health problems for humans, animals, and plants. Heavy metals can lead to the decrease or loss of liver, kidney, and brain function. Objective: The aim of this research is to examine the effect of charge on adsorbents in the removal of metal cations. Study Design & Methods: Standard solutions of Ca, Cu, Pb, and Zn with concentrations of 1,000 ppm were treated with sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate with various charges. Then, the solutions were placed on a shaker for 24 h, centrifuged, and the supernatant was analyzed using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). Results: The order of average metal removal by sodium phosphates is: dibasic (99.3%) > monobasic (96.5%) > tribasic (95.4%). The average metal removal by sodium carbonate and bicarbonate is 98.5% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusion: The adsorbent removability depends on the relationship between the charge present on the metal and the charge on the adsorbent. Thus, metal cations in this study with a +2 charge had a greater affinity for the adsorbent with -2 charged ligands, dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium carbonate.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Anunuebe (Okoubaka aubrevillei) fruit
(ECRTD UK, 2022) Anyadoh-Nwadike, Sylvia O.; Alisa, Edith N.; Okeke, Peter C.; Alisa, Christopher O.
The increase in the development and spread of resistance against antimicrobials in recent times have spurred a renewed interest in the study of medicinal plants as alternative sources of antimicrobial treatments that are effective, natural, less-toxic and affordable. Medicinal plants owe their activity to their phytochemical constituents, particularly, their secondary metabolites. This highlights the need to study these plants with the view to identify the phytochemicals that confer on them their unique medicinal properties. Although many plants have been extensively studied, there are still a number of plants that are used in the therapeutic treatment of ailment whose phytochemical constituents have not been determined. Of such plants is Anunuebe (O. aubrevillei), which is a medicinal plant that is commonly used among locals throughout its areas of distribution for the treatment of ailments. This study was therefore conducted to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Anunuebe fruit. The phytochemical parameters of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were assessed using standard procedures. Agar well diffusion method was used to ascertain antimicrobial activities of the different fractions – ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous and crude – of the extracts against four common human pathogenic microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (fungi). The qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the fruit. The antimicrobial test showed that although ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous and crude fractions of Anunuebe (O. aubrevillei) fruit extract had activity against at least one of the test organisms, the best activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction followed by the crude extract which had activity against all the test organisms. Candida albicans was susceptible to all the fractions, while E. coli was susceptible to only the ethyl acetate fraction. This study showed that the fruit extracts had broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activities that is dependent on the extraction solvent and concentration used. Furthermore, it can be effectively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microorganism that infect humans.
Color coding of solid health care waste in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria
(U. P., 2019) Akingbehin, S. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Iro, O. K.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.
Color coding ensures identification of the hazards associated with the type of health care waste that is handled or treated. The objective of this study was to investigate the compliance of health care facilities in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria to the color coding system of waste segregation. A harmonized checklist and a well-structured questionnaire were used to obtain data from the health care facilities and their workers. A total of 507 workers in 16 health care facilities were interviewed in this study. Results showed that for the color identification of sharps, 472 (93.10%) respondents said black; brown was 26 (5.13%); yellow, 10 (1.97%). For pathological wastes, black was 470 (92.70%); brown, 28 (5.52%); yellow, 6 (1.18%). For radioactive wastes, black was 475 (93.69%); brown, 5 (0.99%); yellow, 35 (6.90%). For chemical wastes, black was 483 (95.27%); brown, 20 (3.94%); yellow, 5 (0.99%). For infectious wastes, black was 461 (90.93%); brown, 32 (6.31%); yellow, 15 (2.96%). For pharmaceutical wastes, black was 467 (92.11%); brown, 36 (7.10%); yellow, 10 (1.97%). In conclusion, the health care facilities in Lagos did not adhere to the proper color coding for segregation of solid health care waste. It was recommended that awareness programs be organized for health care workers so that they will be familiar with the color coding system and abide by it.
Development of a new diversity scheme in 5G network at 28 GHz millimter-wave frequency for digital mobile system
(Modern Education and Computer Science, 2021-02-08) Akande, Akinyinka Olukunle; Agubor, Cosmas Kemisdrin; Akinde, Olusola Kunle; Ezema, Longinus Sunday; Okozi, Samuel Okechukwu
This paper presents an improved hybrid Equal Gain Combiner-Maximal Ratio Combiner (EGC-MRC) diversity scheme in 5G millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency. The term 5G mm-wave refers to the radio frequency spectrum between 24 𝐺𝐻𝑧 and 100 𝐺𝐻𝑧. The signal interference is a challenging task in 5G mm-wave frequency, and radio network suffer from co-channel and adjacent channel interference. 5G network deployment depends on large number of antennas, which resulted in signal interference. The conventional receiver’s diversity techniques have high hardware complexity and are characterized by low performance. A new hybrid EGC-MRC diversity scheme was proposed as an improvement on the performance of existing MRC scheme. In achieving this, Probability Density Function (PDF) of the hybrid model was derived using the instantaneous Signal-to- Noise Ratio (SNR) obtained from the output of MRC and EGC diversity schemes. The performance of the developed model was evaluated using Outage Probability (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡) and Processing time (𝑃𝑡) at different SNR with 𝐿 number of paths. Simulation of the MRC, EGC and hybrid EGC-MRC models were carried out using MATLAB 2018a and the results compared. The output results showed that hybrid EGC-MRC performed better than EGC and MRC by having a lower 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 and 𝑃𝑡 . This new model has the potential to mitigate network interference, multipath propagation, and hardware complexity in 5G mm-wave frequency. Therefore, the developed model can be deployed by network operators to solve signal interference in 5G network