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Recent Submissions
Futo Emerges SIFE Nigeria Champion : To Represent Nigeria at SIFE World CUP, Los Angeles
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2010-09) Federal University of Technology, Owerri
Development of proxy model for production forecast using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and experimental design
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2015) Arinkoola, Akeem Olatunde; Duru, Ugochukwu I.; Onuh, Haruna Monday
Proxy-models are computationally cheap alternative to full numerical simulation during production performance predictions. They are widely use in reservoir management to forecast production in order to assist investment decisions. However, the underperformance of many E&P projects is due to unrealistic forecast quantities arising from assumptions, human biases and reservoir modelling limitations. Hence, considerable efforts are needed to bridge gaps between forecasts and the actual production. The reservoir under study is developed with six producing wells, all deviated. The internal reservoir heterogeneity believed to have created significant fluid flow anisotropy which trapped the remaining mobile oil in the compartments poorly contacted by the current producing well spacing. Consequently, the proposed reservoir management is Infill drilling. This study utilised simulation model for well selection and its optimal placement within the reservoir. Experimental design technique and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were integrated to develop predictive model for production forecast given new development option. Comparison of the conventional response surface (RSM) and ANFIS models was made based on their prediction performances. The ANFIS model was found to be superior.
Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solutions using moringa oleifera as inhibitor
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2019-09) Onyima, Chukwuma
The corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 acidic environments was investigated using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The results obtained from both gravimetric and polarization experiments showed that mild steel is more susceptible to acid corrosion in 0.5 M
H2SO4 than in 1 M HCl, with higher mass loss (gravimetric) and current density (polarization) obtained with sulphuric acid system compared to hydrochloric acid system. The effects of ethanol, sulphuric acid and water extracts of Moringa oleifera on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in the acid solutions were also analyzed. Generally, the different extracts exerted appreciable inhibition performance with sulphuric acid and water exhibiting higher inhibition efficiency than ethanol but ethanol exhibited higher stability in hydrochloric acid system. The trend of inhibition efficiency changed in sulphuric acid system with ethanol extract having the best performance than other extracts according to the polarization and temperature results, although, gravimetric data contradicted. Polarization studies revealed that the plant extracts functioned as mixed inhibition mechanism. Inhibition efficiency in general, increased with increase in the concentration of the extracts but decreased with prolonged exposure time. The discrepancies in the inhibition efficiencies exerted by the different extracts was attributed to the differences in the extracting abilities of the solvents, while discrepancies observed with the methods was attributed to time and instrumental effects. The Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract was characterized using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis confirmed that the extract contained more than 29 active constituents including; 28.55% 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)methyl ester; 11.24% n-Hexadecanoic acid; 9.31% 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester; 6.32% Benzeneacetonitrile,4-hydroxy-;5.6%2-Furancarboxaldehyde,5(hydroxyme- thyl)-;4.85%Heptadecane; 3.49% and others. Since the presence of some organic species in the extract has been confirmed by GC/MS, selected constituents of the extract were modeled in order to assess their adsorbability using the density functional theory (DFT) and the result revealed remarkable high interaction energies, which corroborate the experimental findings.
Geoelectrical and geotchnical investigation of failed section of Orsu-Ihiala Road , Imo State SouthEastern Nigeria
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2019-12) Ajah, Nnamdi Joseph
Geophysical and Geotechnical investigation of the causes of the consistent failure of Orsu-Ihiala road has been studied. The study area is part of the Anambra Basin consisting of Eocene Ameke formation, the Oligocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation and the recent Meander belt. 2-D electrical resistivity tomography of the subsurface was carried out using Wenner method (for a =3, 6, 9 and 12 respectively), 6VES was run along the failed and partially stable part of the road using Schlumberger method (with maximum AB/2 = 55m). Three (3) samples were collected at depth of 1.5m (subgrade) from the failed part of the road (collected from Amanachi, Orlu LGA headquarters and Amagriget) and were analyzed at Arab contractors limited. The 2-D pseudo resistivity section at the subgrade (less than 2m) shows that the area is underlain by moderate to low resistivity (10Ωm - 135Ωm) which is interpreted as clayey topsoil and clay. These zones coincide with the fairly stable and failed portion of the road. At the same depth resistivity was observed to be decreasing NW-SE, implying the clay content decrease along the NW -SE direction on the road. Analysis of VES suggested 3-4 geoelectric layers defined as clayey topsoil, clay, clayey sand and sand with resistivity of 96Ωm - 136Ωm, 54Ωm -135Ωm, 288Ωm to 980Ωm and 2780Ωm - 32800Ωm respectively.The geotechnical results reveal that the soil sample is made up of granular material with highly compressible silty clay belongs to group A-2, subgrade A-2-6 (sample S01) and group A-7, subgroup A-7-5 (sample S02 and S03) as per AASHTO classification. The result of the Atterberg Limit showed that the plastic index (PI) is relatively low (16.9%, 7.1% and 14.9% for S01, S02 and S03 respectively). The LL for S01, S02 and S03 are 38.5%, 42.5% and 46% respectively and are referred to as intermidate plasticity. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum water content (OMC) are 1.776g/cm3 and 14.4% for S01, 1.713g/cm3 and14.6% for S02 and 1.692g/cm3 and14.4% for S03. Low MDD with high OMC is an indication that the soil is generally loose. The California Bearing Ratio (soaked) for sample S01, S02 and S03 are 2.1%, 3.4% and 16.2% respectively. S01 and S02 fall within FMW specification while S03 is above the specification. The specific gravity of studied samples is 2.401gm/cm3 , 2.586gm/cm3 and2.413gm/cm3 forS01, S02 and S03 respectively. Which indicates moderate organic content and moderate porosity (especially sample S01). The moisture content of the samples is 18.2%, 24.2%, 25.4% for S01, S02 and S03 respectively. The material is generally rated as a fair to poor subgrade material (as per general specification Roads and Bridges, Revised 1997, FMW, Nigeria). 2-D pseudo resistivity secton, VES and the geotechnical result shows that the road was founded on a subgrade (at depth 1.5m) clayey material. And that the claycontent of the subgrade material decreases along the NW-SE profile resulting from transition from Recent sand rich meander belt to clay rich Ameke Formation. The road failed basically due to the clayey material found at the subgrade and poor drainage construction. This project therefor shows that geophysics complement Geotechnical analysis and used be carried out prior to construction of engineering structures.
Spatio-temporal characterization and dynamic modelling of ambient air quality in Imo State
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2016-12) Ibe, Francis Chizoruo
Spatio-temporal characterization and dynamic modelling of ambient air quality were carried out in Imo State, Nigeria. The study was aimedat evaluating the ambient air quality of Imo State and to present a dynamic model for prediction of atmospheric dispersion and concentration in the study area. Six atmospheric pollutants includingPM10, NO2, SO2, VOC, H2S and CO were measured using Haze Dust Particulate Monitor (10µm), Gasman Air Monitors, Aeroqual Series 300 and Ibrid MX6. The meteorological parameters, wind speed, ambient temperature, air flow, wave height, and wind direction, were measured with Multifunctional Microprocessor DigitalAnemometer, while difference in temperature of wet and dry bulb hygrometer was used to locate the relative humidity from a psychrometric chart and elevation was with GPS map 76.Air quality monitoring was conducted in wet and dry seasons, three times a day (morning, Afternoon and evening) in 4 locations with a total of 16 air sampling sites within the months of November, 2014 to June, 2015. The result showed that the mean concentration of the air pollutants in dry season ranged as follows: PM10 (5.70 – 8.38) mg/m3 , NO2 (0.37- 0.53) ppm, SO2 (0.29- 0.61) ppm, VOC (0.47 - 1.14)mg/m3 , H2S (0.01 – 0.05) ppm and CO (0.29– 49.52) ppm, while in wet season the values were in the range; PM10 (4.91– 7.34) mg/m3 , NO2 (0.43- 0.59) ppm, SO2 (0.43- 0.60) ppm, VOC (0.25- 1.06) mg/m3 , H2S (0.00 – 0.01) ppm and CO (26.42 – 41.77) ppm.Spatial variation of the air pollutants was observed in the study area as revealed by the GIS analysis which was illustrated with spatial variation maps, contour and 3-D surface plots.The Box and Whisker plots showed the characterization and distribution of the data in terms of lower quartile, upper quartile, median, minimum and maximum values. It indicates elevated level of CO, PM10 and SO2 in the afternoon and evening, higher concentration of VOC and H2S in the morning and NO2 showing significant values in the morning and afternoon. The Dynamic models in most locations showed high R2 indicating significant influence of the meteorological factors and previous day concentration (PDC) of the pollutants. The time series models showed that the concentration of the pollutants fluctuated within the period of study. The windrose models revealed the dominant wind speed, direction of dispersion and transportation of the air pollutants. One-way ANOVA (p <0.05) revealed that the difference in mean values of the air pollutants were not statistically significantin some locations due to the influence of season, meteorological factors, location and time of measurement, while that of the meteorological variables were significant in some locations . High correlation was observed between NO2 and SO2, wind speed and air flow, while weak correlation was recorded between PM10 and SO2, VOC and CO, temperature and relative humidity. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) grouped both the air pollutants into two major cluster and meteorological parameters into two clusters. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two coherent components existing among the air pollutants and between the meteorological variables. The multivariate plots indicate that the meteorological parameters have great influence on the air pollutants.The mean concentration of the air pollutants obtained exceeded the Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Nigerian NAAQS) and United States of America NAAAQS while NO2 and SO2 are within the permissible limit in some of the monitoring stations. Air Quality Index (AQI)analysis is within 51 – 300 (moderate – very unhealthy). In conclusion, the study has established the spatial and temporal attributes of the measured ambient air pollutants, the dynamics of atmospheric dispersion and prediction of air pollution events in the study area. The observed AQI within the study area is of great concern and therefore requires serious attention by environmentalists, researchers, regulatory bodies, and of course the government at the various levels.