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Recent Submissions
Contact tracing strategies for COVID-19 prevention and containment: A scoping review
(MDPI, 2022-10) Ojokoh, B. A.; Aribisala, B.; Sarumi, O. A.; Gabriel, A. J.; Omisore, O.; Taiwo, A. E.; Igbe, T.; Chukwuocha, U. M.; Yusuf, T.; Afolayan, A.; Babalola, O.; Adebayo, T.; Afolabi, O.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly and is easily contracted by individuals who come near infected persons. With this nature and rapid spread of the contagion, different types of research have been conducted to investigate how non-pharmaceutical interventions can be employed to contain and prevent COVID-19. In this review, we analyzed the key elements of digital contact tracing strategies developed for the prevention and containment of the dreaded epidemic since its outbreak. We carried out a scoping review through relevant studies indexed in three databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and ACM Digital Library. Using some carefully defined search terms, a total of 768 articles were identified. The review shows that 86.32% (n = 101) of the works focusing on contact tracing were published in 2020, suggesting there was an increased awareness that year, increased research efforts, and the fact that the pandemic was given a very high priority by most journals. We observed that many (47.86%, n = 56) of the studies were focused on design and implementation issues in the development of COVID-19 contact tracing systems. In addition, has been established that most of the studies were conducted in 41 countries and that contract tracing app development are characterized by some sensitive issues, including privacy-preserving and case-based referral characteristics.
A review on gas well optimization using production performance models: A case study of horizontal well. Open Journal of Yangtze Gas and Oil, 3, 57 - 67
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2018-01-31) Igwilo, Kevin C.; Okoro, Emeka Emmanuel; Nwude, Anthony Afam; Mamudu, Angela Onose; Onuh, Charles Y.
This study considered the solution methods to determine optimal production rates and the rates of lift gas to optimize regular operational objectives. The foremost tools used in this research are offered as software platforms. Most of the optimization hitches are solved using derivative-free optimization based on a controlled well Performance Analysis, PERFORM. In line with production optimization goal to maximize ultimate recovery at minimum operating expenditure, pressure losses faced in the flow process are reduced between the wellbore and the separator. Nodal analysis is the solution technique used to enhance the flow rate in order to produce wells, categorize constraints and design corrective solution. A hypothetical case is considered and sensitivity analysis using the IPR Models for horizontal gas wells provides the effect on pressure and liquid drop out. The gas lift method is economically valuable as it produced an optimal economic water cut of 80 percent with 2 - 4 MM scf/day rate of gas injection; thus, 1800 - 2000 STB/day gas was produced.
Assessment of farm labour chnaging patterns in cassava production in Imo State, Nigeria
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Mbakaogu, Obumneke Emmanuel
This study was carried out in Imo State. The broad objective was to analyse farm labour changing patterns in food crop production in Imo state. The specific objectives were to; examine the socioeconomic characteristics of food crop farmers in the area, identify the sources of farm labour in food crop production, determine the level of farm labour use in the area, determine and compare the availability of farm labour in the dry and wet seasons, determine the factors affecting farm labour supply in the area, and examine the constraints militating against the demand and supply of farm labour in the area. The results showed that the mean age of food crop farmer was 47 years, 68.9% were married, and the mean household size was 8 persons. Majority (43.70%) attained secondary education level, mean farm size was 0.9 hectares; mean farming experience was 26 years and food crop production was majorly for cash and family use. It was then found that food crop farmers demand for hired farm labour was mostly for land preparation (58.8%), weeding (61.5%), agrochemical application (61.5%) and harvesting (60%); while family labour were employed mostly for planting (60%) and post-harvesting activities (66.7%). It showed also that food crop farmers demanded mostly female farm labour for land preparation (58.8%), weeding (58.8%), agrochemical application (84.6%), planting (70%) and post harvesting activities (77.8%); while male farm labour were used mostly for harvesting (60%). The use of female labour for land preparation could be linked to the declining female literacy that increases their availability to farm activities and high engagement of male counterparts in non-farm activities. The results on labour changing pattern showed that in the 1980s, female labourers were rarely used (with mean score of
2.10) for food crop production, while presently the female labour is mostly employed (with mean score of 3.21) with male labourers in food crop production. In land clearing and weeding operations, the results showed that farm operations were mostly carried out manually both in the 1980s (with mean score of 3.56) and presently (with mean score of 3.02). It also showed that agrochemicals such as herbicides were rarely used (with mean score of 1.14) in the 1980s, but were presently mostly used (with mean score of 3.47) in these farm operations in the area; while fertilizer application and harvesting were mostly done manually (with mean score of 3.69 and 3.39) in both periods. Farm labour were rarely allocated (with mean score of 1.81) to off-farm activities in the 1980s, but presently were mostly (with mean score of 3.30) allocated to off-farm activities, indicating that farming (on-farm activities) was the major source of livelihood in the 1980s, but due the high remunerations from off-farm activities and the search for white collar jobs and other non-farm income sources, farm labour presently move to off-farm activities. It was found that the nature of food crop production, in-migration, farm size and distance to the nearest city were positively related to the supply of farm labour; while off-farm activities was negatively related to supply of farm labour. The results showed that high cost of labour, civilization and nofarm engagement, seasonality of agricultural production, out-migration of farm labour, land tenure system and fragmentation and scarcity of farm labour were the major constraints militating against farm labour demand and supply. The study recommended strengthening and organizing ruralurban linkages by ensuring parity in on-farm wage structure comparable with off-farm wages to reduce farm labour migration to off-engagements and rural to urban migration.
Analysis of small-scale cassava-based farmers' demand and utilization for microfinance banks credit banks in Imo State, Nigeria
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2017-07) Okpara, Elias Uchechukwu
The study analyzed small-scale cassava-based farmers’ demand and utilization for microfinance banks credit in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the socio-economic characteristics of small-scale cassava-based farmers; determine the amount of credit demanded and obtained by small-scale cassava-based farmers; estimate the factors influencing the amount of credit demanded by small-scale cassava-based farmers; estimate the determinants on the amount of credit obtained; ascertain the uses of the loan obtained by small scale cassava-based farmers; determine the repayment performance of small scale cassava-based farmers and examine the determinants of the amount of loan repaid by small- scale cassava-based farmers in Imo state. Multi-stage random sampling techniques were adopted for this study and-primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Sample size of sixty (60) respondents was randomly selected from six (6) microfinance banks. Descriptive statistics, repayment formula, multiple regression technique and ANOVA technique were applied in the analyses. The results of the analyses showed that the mean age of the respondents was 49 years. The mean household size was 8 persons, while mean farming experience was 16 years and mean level of education was 13 years. The mean farm size was 0.67 hectare, and mean values of amount of credit demanded, obtained and repaid were ₦268,000, ₦109,675 and ₦ 118,833.33 respectively. The repayment performance of cassava-based farmers was 93.6%. The level of education, farm size, transaction cost, collateral, and distance from home to the bank, farming experience, and cost of credit had significant effect on the amount of credit demanded. The level of farm income, cost of credit, household size, age, farm size and gender have significant effect on the amount of credit obtained from microfinance banks. The level of education, farm income, farm size, amount of loan borrowed, cost of credit, household size and faming experience have significant effect in determine the repayment performance of small-scale cassava-based farmers in the study area. The ANOVA results showed that there was no significant difference on the amount of credit demanded by small-scale cassava-based farmers in the three agricultural zones of Imo State. The study recommended that by increasing the amount of credit disbursed, policy target of establishing microfinance banks will be attained, resulting to high repayment performance and improvement on cassava farming.
Common pathogenic organisms found in external eye infections among residents of Abuja, Nigeria
(U. P., 2015) Esenwah E. C.; Ojogbane G. E.; Azuamah Y. C.; Ezinne N; Ikoro N. C.; Daniel-Nwosu, E. M.; Ahuama O. C.; Kio F
This study was carried out to determine the common microorganisms present in external eye infections of residents of Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 250 patients, of both genders and of all age groups with external eye infections, who attended the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, were the subjects. The isolated pathogens seen among the subjects included Staphylococcus aureus (38.4%), Escherichia Coli (16.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14%), Escherichia faecalis (8%), Aspergillum (1.6%) and Klebsiella species (0.4%). In 21.2% of the subjects, no microorganism was found. Conjunctivitis was the
most prevalent of the eye infections accounting for 58.4%, followed by blepharitis, 13.6%; corneal ulcer, 10.4%; hordeolum, 8.8% and keratitis,8.8%. Public education and enlightenmentcampaigns on the need for proper personal hygiene and prevention against communicable diseases are recommended.