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Item Open Access Common pathogenic organisms found in external eye infections among residents of Abuja, Nigeria(U. P., 2015) Esenwah E. C.; Ojogbane G. E.; Azuamah Y. C.; Ezinne N; Ikoro N. C.; Daniel-Nwosu, E. M.; Ahuama O. C.; Kio FThis study was carried out to determine the common microorganisms present in external eye infections of residents of Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 250 patients, of both genders and of all age groups with external eye infections, who attended the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, were the subjects. The isolated pathogens seen among the subjects included Staphylococcus aureus (38.4%), Escherichia Coli (16.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14%), Escherichia faecalis (8%), Aspergillum (1.6%) and Klebsiella species (0.4%). In 21.2% of the subjects, no microorganism was found. Conjunctivitis was the most prevalent of the eye infections accounting for 58.4%, followed by blepharitis, 13.6%; corneal ulcer, 10.4%; hordeolum, 8.8% and keratitis,8.8%. Public education and enlightenmentcampaigns on the need for proper personal hygiene and prevention against communicable diseases are recommended.Item Open Access Spatiotemporal mapping of annual malaria incidence in Rivers State, Nigeria(Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2023) Egbom, S. E.; Nduka, F. O.; Nzeako, S. O.; Chukwuocha, U. M.Rivers State is the centre of Nigeria's oil industry and has the presence of oil prospectors including expatriates who are at risk of malaria infection. Periodic analysis of epidemiological data will enable malaria control programmers to appraise the interventions carried out over the years and assist in the development of sustainable and adaptive strategies directed from an informed local level. This study, therefore, examined spatiotemporal variations in malaria incidence in the State using Annual Parasite Incidence (API) as an indicator. Monthly reported malaria cases from 2007-2017 at the local government area (LGA) level were retrieved from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Response (IDSR) system of Rivers State Ministry of Health while projected population data for the same period were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. API of the LGAs from 2007 to 2017 were computed, integrated into GIS, and subjected to heighted overlay analysis to delineate the risk zones. The eleven-year retrospective study of malaria in Rivers State displayed geographical variations which were statistically significant between the LGAs. Malaria incidence fluctuated throughout the study period. API values increased from 13.746 in 2007 to 34.067 in 2013 and dropped to 8.721 in 2017. All the LGAs recorded API values below 100, indicating a very low malaria burden in a controlled setting. However, none of the LGAs has reached the WHO standard level for the elimination of transmission. Ikwerre, Eleme, Ogu-Bolo and Opobo/Nkoro LGAs were assigned to the very high malaria risk stratum (362.615 to 490.005) whereas Abua-Odual, Akuku-Toru and Degema LGAs were assigned to very low-risk malaria stratum (103.281 to 113.897). The findings of this research will aid stakeholders in evaluating the impact of control strategies employed over the years and possibly, revisit malaria extant interventions for improved malaria control outcomes.Item Open Access Anal cleansing and excreta disposal practices among young adults in Southeastern Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Igwe, C. N.; Amadi, A. N.; Onwuzulike, N. M.; Ozims, S. J.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Achigbu, K. I.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Okereke, E. E.Proper anal cleansing and excreta disposal practice is important in maintaining good sanitation and hygiene. The objective of this study was to investigate the anal cleansing and excreta disposal practices of young adults in tertiary institutions located in Southeastern Nigeria. A total of 1100 young adults comprising 430 (39.09%) males and 670 (60.91%) females participated in the study. Results showed that out of the 650 respondents in Universities, 407 representing 62.62% used tissue paper only for anal cleansing after defecation, 162 (24.92%) used water only, while 81 (12.46%) used water and soap for anal cleansing. Out of the 210 respondents in polytechnics/Monotechnic, 138 representing 65.71% used tissue paper only for anal cleansing after defecation, 44 (20.95%) used water only while 28 (13.34%) of used water and soap for anal cleansing. Results also showed that out of the 240 young adults in Colleges of Education, 155 representing 64.58% used tissue paper only in their anal cleansing practice, 39 (16.25%) used water only, while 46 (19.16%) of the young adults used water and soap for anal cleansing after defecation. The use of toilet facility was most practiced among young adults in Southeastern Nigeria. Data analysis using the one way ANOVA for testing the significance of the difference in the excreta disposal practices among young adults in tertiary institution of Southeastern Nigeria at 5% level of significance showed that the excreta disposal practices among the young adults was significantly different among the institutions (P<0.05).Adequate toilet facilities with running water in every tertiary institution were recommended.Item Open Access Intraocular pressure changes in different degrees of myopia(U. P., 2020) Megwas, A. U.; Onuoha, S. U.; Ugwoke, G. I.; Okorie, M. E.; Ibe, C. N.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Daniel-Nwosu, E. I.; Nwawume, I. C.; Umunnakwe, L. O; Ogbonna, U. C.Myopia is a refractive condition of the eye in which the images of distant objects are focused in front of the retina when accommodation is relaxed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the pressure within the eyeball. This study was carried out to investigate the intraocular pressure changes in the different degrees of myopia. The study was a clinical study carried out at the Department of Optometry Teaching Clinic, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. Clinical tests performed on the subjects include case history, visual acuity, external eye examination, ophthalmoscopy, static retinoscopy and subjective refraction. The subjects with myopia were grouped into three according to the degree of myopia. Their intraocular pressure was measured using the indentation tonometry. A total of 50 subjects were used for this study. Twenty-five (50.00%) of the subjects had low myopia; 21 (42.00%) had medium myopia and 4 (8.00%) had high myopia. Results showed that for subjects with low myopia, those with IOP of 10 - 15 were 10 (20.00%); 16 -20, 13 (26.00%); 21 – 25, 2 (4.00%); 26 – 30, 0 (0.00%). For subjects with medium myopia, those with IOP of 10 - 15 were 11 (22.00%); 16 -20, 10 (20.00%); none of the subjects had IOP above 20mmHg. For subjects with high myopia, none had IOP of 10 – 15 and above 20 mmHg; 4 (8.00%) had IOP between 16 and 20 mmHg. The mean IOP values were 17.13±3.97, 16.63±3.09 and 20.15±1.29 mmHg for low, medium and high myopes respectively. SPSS data analysis using the one-way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the IOP values between the different degrees of myopia. Eye care practitioners were advised to closely monitor the IOP of their myopic patients.Item Open Access Diabetes mellitus and some of its effect on the eyes among adults of rural communities at Ohafia LGA of Abia State Nigeria(U. P., 2011) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Amadi, C. O. A.This study was carried out on adults at Ohafia Local Government of Abia State in Nigeria to determine the presence of ocular effects that resulted from diabetes mellitus. This study was a field based study in which subjects were made to assemble at a health center and the examinations and tests carried out. Out of the 213 subjects examined and tested, 48 of them (27 males and 21 females) were found to have a history of diabetes mellitus. The presence of ocular effects of diabetes on these subjects showed that 31.25% of the subjects (33.3% of the males and 28.6% of the females) had diabetic cataract. Diabetic retinopathy was found on 6.25% of the subjects (0% of the males and 14.3% of the females). Also 6.25% of the subjects showed diabetic macular edema, 0% were males and 14.3% were females. Diabetic papillopathy was found in 31.25% of the subjects out of which 22.2% were males and 42.8% were females. 37.5% of the diabetic subjects were found to have glaucoma, 22.2% of them were males and 57.1% of them were females. One or a combination of these ocular effects of diabetes was seen on some subjects. Data analysis with the SPSS statistics software using the T test showed that there was no significant difference between the male and female subjects to the ocular effects of diabetes mellitus.Item Open Access General Epidemiology(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2018) School of Health Technology, Department of Public Health.Item Open Access Introdction to Biomedical Technology(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2016-04-27) School of Health Technology, Department of Biomedical Technology.Item Open Access Design and fabrication of a portable obstruction detection device for visually impaired persons(ABC Publications Incorporated, 2020) Nnadiekwe, C. A.; Iwuji, S. C.; Azeez, T. O.; Nosiri, O.; Banigo, A.The cow-horned cased Obstruction Detection Device (ODD), powered by 9V battery, is designed for visually impaired persons. It is constructed using two HC-SR04 ultrasound sensors for front obstacle and depression detections. The device detects an obstacle by emitting ultrasonic sound that hits the interface and interprets the echo. The emission of this sound is triggered by the PIC16F877A microcontroller programmed to send out feedback to the user’s earphone in form of a musical note peculiar to the range of distance of the obstacle. The device is integrated with Radio Frequency (RF) Module that locates the device when misplaced. This Module has LM555 timer that regulates the signal emitted by the misplaced device. The device is incorporated with a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) that detects any change in illumination. This project designed and fabricated a cheap locally cased ODD with comparative advantages of informing the visually impaired of the range of distance and position of the obstacle and the location of a misplaced device.