Dietary paterns and the risk of hypertension among adults in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area, Imo State
Date
2022-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Federal University of Technology, Owerri
Abstract
The present study was aimed at assessing the dietary pattern and the risk of hypertension among adults in Ehime Mbano LGA, Imo State. Nigeria. It was designed as a descriptive community based cross sectional study for a rural setting in Nigeria. The study population involved adults of age 18 years to 65years who were residents of the study LGA. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample the study population. The participants were measured of their hypertension status and were also assessed of their food dietary patterns using a modified food frequency questionnaire that captured foods consumed in the area and the quantities consumed. Initial data analysis was performed using descriptive technique. Principal component analysis method was used to identify the dietary pattern in the area and Chi-square test was used to test for association in the independent categorical data with hypertension. Logistic regression was used to relate the dietary patterns and hypertension, while adjusting for other variables of age, gender, income, and family history of hypertension. There were a total of 424 subjects involved in the study, total of 156 (36.8%) were within 36-45 years old, 128 (30.2%) were of 46 – 55 years of age, 81 (19.1%) were between 18-35 year and the remaining 59 (13.9%) were above 55 years of age. The male subjects were 246 (58%) while the females were 178 (42%). The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 41.5%. In this study Age, gender and education showed significant association with hypertension among the study group, age (p =0.018, χ2 = 10.06), gender (p =0.030, χ2 = 4.73), and education (p =0.033, χ2 = 8.717). After adjusting the socio-demographics factors (alcohol intake, smoking status, Family history of hypertension) for hypertension and dietary patterns, local diet pattern is the only significant pattern found in this study (p =0.035,, 95% CI = 0.108 – 0.922). About 63.5% of the study participant with family history of hypertension had 4-fold risk of hypertension when compared to those with non family history of hypertension (OR=4.146, 95% CI = 2.483 - 6.924). In this study, three dietary patterns comprised of local diet foods, Fruits and vegetable diets and combined food diets were extracted. study participants comprising of Local diet foods, (p<0.001), fruits and vegetable patterns (p< 0.002) showed significant association with hypertension as independent variables, while only the local food diets showed significant inverse relationship with hypertension after adjustment (p=0.35, AOR=0.316). There is need to adequately study the local diet foods consumed in the study area while at the same time, other factor of age, income, family history associating with hypertension should be addressed. There is need to encourage the consumption of some of the local foods from rural communities, this will help to improve the quality of life of people with respect to their dietary patterns.
Description
The award of masters in Public Health
Keywords
Dietary, paterns, hypertension, Ehime Mbano Local Government Area, Imo State, Department of Public Health
Citation
Duru, L. O. (2022). Dietary paterns and the risk of hypertension among adults in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area, Imo State (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria