Analysis of metals and pesticide residues in selected beans samples in Port Harcourt
| dc.contributor.author | Kalu, Samuel Nnanna | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-06-20T14:29:49Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-06-20T14:29:49Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-10 | |
| dc.description | A Master's thesis on metals and pesticide residues in selected beans samples. it contains tables, diagrams, maps, pictures | |
| dc.description.abstract | Analysis of metals and pesticide residues were evaluated using four (4) beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. The varieties were Iron beans, Patisco beans, Brown beans and Local beans and they were grouped into raw and parboiled samples. Proximate analysis of the samples was done using standard method while metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and the analysis of pesticide residues was done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector (GC - MS) after careful extraction and clean up. Results showed that all the beans samples contained metals, mercury which is a toxic metal was also detected and at a level above the maximum permissible limit of 0.0005mg/kg in all the samples. It was observed that parboiling of the beans, reduced the accumulated metals in the beans. The results of the study also showed the presence of 17 different pesticide residues in all samples of beans. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) were detected in all samples of beans and at levels above European Union’s (EU's) MRL except in iron beans samples. Glyphosate was detected in all the samples at concentration above EU’s MRL. However, pesticides in Raw iron beans such as carbofuran (0.43±0.03 mg/kg), Endosulphan (0.18±0.01 mg/kg), HCB (0.62±0.10 mg/kg) Profenos (0.55±0.04 mg/kg) and t-nonachlor (0.32±0.00 mg/kg) decreased significantly to 0.23±0.10 mg/kg, 0.09±0.01 mg/kg, 0.31±0.01 mg/kg, 0.38±0.01 mg/kg, and 0.22±0.00 mg/kg respectively in Parboiled iron beans. These results indicate reduced Health Risk Index (HRI) to pesticides of parboiled beans samples. Similar results were also recorded in other raw and parboiled beans varieties studied. Of all the samples studied, parboiled local beans had the least pesticide residue concentration. Series of soaking and washing is generally advised in preparation of beans samples. Stringent monitoring of the use of pesticides in agriculture and food storage in Nigeria should continuously be encouraged to ensure pesticide residue level does not exceed FAO/WHO limits. Parboiling of beans samples before cooking should equally be encouraged. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Kalu, S. N. (2023). Analysis of metals and pesticide residues in selected beans samples in Port Harcourt (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Federal University of Technology, Owerri | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.futo.edu.ng/handle/20.500.14562/2031 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Federal University of Technology, Owerri | |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Phaseolus vulgaris | |
| dc.subject | heavy metals | |
| dc.subject | parboiling | |
| dc.subject | pesticides | |
| dc.subject | health risk | |
| dc.subject | Department of Biochemistry | |
| dc.title | Analysis of metals and pesticide residues in selected beans samples in Port Harcourt | |
| dc.type | Master’s Thesis |