School of Egineering and Engineering Technology
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Item Open Access Evaluation of the effects of industrial wastewater discharge on surface water (A case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu)(U. P., 2012-09) Egwuonwu, C. C.; Uzoije, A. P.; Okafor, V. C.; Ezeanya, N. C.; Nwachukwu, M. U.The need to undertake an evaluative effect of industrial wastewater discharge on surface water with a case study of Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu into the Ajali River was borne out of the need to ascertain the level of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total suspended Solids (TSS) etc and other characterized effluent been discharged into the water body that determines the level of use and quality of this water for irrigation purposes, human consumption and safe ecological habitation of aquatic lives. To achieve this, laboratory analysis was carried out on the Ajali River and the wastewater discharged from the industry and it was confirmed not to have exceeded the benchmark for required discharge of wastewater into streams and rivers as stipulated by some regulatory bodies. In conclusion, treatment measures and regulatory policies were suggested to checkmate the abuse of this water bodies and the danger it might likely pose to aquatic ecological system if regulatory standards were not complied with.Item Open Access Phytochemical analysis of aqueous methanolic extract of acanthospermum hispidium and its effect on biochemical and hematological indices in plasmodium falciparum infected rats(2018-05) Azeez, T. O.; Banigo, A. T.Haematological (Red blood cell ‘RBC’, packed cell volume ‘PCV’, white blood cell ‘WBC’ and platelet ‘PLA’) and biochemical (total protein, serum albumin and creatinine) parameters of rats treated with aqueous-methanolic extract of A. hispidum leaves on blood serum of rats infected with P. falciparum was investigated. The chemical composition was determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biochemical and haematological parameters were examined using standard methods. The aqueous-methanolic extract of A. hispidum consist of Allyldimethyl-Formamide, Erythritol, Glycerin, Benzoylmethyl-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-2-indolinone, Silanol and Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester with composition of 13.578, 2.796, 56.72, 5.486, 1.415 and 10.005%, respectively. The increase in RBC, PCV, PLA and albumin with reduction in WBC and creatinine level compared to normal control when treated with aqueous – methanolic extract of A. hispidum leaves were obtained with reduced parasitaemia. Aqueous – methanolic A. hispidum leaves, at 400mg/kg for 72 hours proved to be the best for treatment of malaria parasite based on haematological and biochemical parameters assessed.Item Open Access Kinetics of degradation of anthracene by the activity of corynebacteria sp and pseudomonas putida in contaminated water(Bio IT Journals, 2012) Azeez, Taofik Oladimeji; Owabor, C. Ngozi; Nwacha, RichardThe environmental threat of anthracene to humans on exposure through industrial effluent discharged and other combustion activities into the environment with expensive nature of the physical and chemical remediation techniques initiates this research. The kinetics of degradation of anthracene by the activity of Corynebacterium sp and Pseudomonas putida for the liberation of the anthracene contaminated water was aim to be investigated. The enriched inoculums of Corynebacterium sp and Pseudomonas putida was separately inoculated into anthracene contaminated water at room temperature of 280C under an optimum pH of 7.2 for 96hours, thereby decreased the anthracene content in the water. About 95.2% of anthracene was degraded by Corynebacterium sp while about 93.5w/w% of anthracene was degraded by Pseudomonas putida. The biodegradation kinetics parameter evaluated indicates that both Corynebacterium sp and Pseudomonas putida were favourable for bioremediation of anthracene contaminated water but Corynebacterium sp was preferred due to higher proportion of anthracene utilized.Item Open Access Effect of rice husk filler on mechanical properties of polyethylene matrix composite(2013-08) Atuanya, C. U.; Olaitan, S. A.; Azeez, T. O.; Akagu, C. C.; Onukwuli, D. O.; Menkiti, M. C.compositeIn the present work, the effect of rice husk filler loading (10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%) on the mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene (RPE) and mixed with 20 percent weight fraction of virgin polyethylene (MPE) composites was aimed to be investigated. The waste polyethylene was blended with virgin polyethylene and the composites of RPE and MPE were moulded with the addition of rice husk filler using injection moulding machine at a pressure 150MPa and temperature 160oC. The composites were cut into specified dimensions and mechanical properties were conducted on them. Tensile strength increased up to 10 percent weight fraction of rice husk filler in the composites and later decreased above 10 percent filler loading. Tensile modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and Brinell hardness increases with increased filler loading, but impact strength decreases with increased in filler loading. The rice husk filler loading had significant effect (p < 0.05) on the mechanical properties of MPE composite compared with RPE composite which indicated that rice husk filler may be used for reinforcement of PolyethyleneItem Open Access Biochemical effects of Piper Guineense (African Black Pepper) in female diabetics: Opportunities for diabetes treatment(Global Health and Education Projects, Inc., 2019) Amadi, Gordon; Iwuji, Samuel C.; Azeez, Taofik O.; Nwaokoro, Chidozie J.; Wodu, Chioma O.Objectives: To investigate the biochemical effects of oral doses of Piper guineense (P. guineense) leaf extract on female diabetics using experimental animals. Methods: The animals, albino wistar rats, were divided into six groups (n=7). Animals in group 1 received water and feed only. Animals in groups 2 to 6 were induced with diabetes using alloxan. Methanolic leave extracts of P. Guineense were administered to groups 2 to 4 in 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weights representing low, medium and high doses respectively. Group 5 animals were treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide (Antidiabetic drug) and group 6 animals were left untreated. All treatments were carried out orally and lasted for a period of 14 days. At the end of the 14 days, the animals were humanely sacrificed through cardiac puncture and the blood samples collected for the analyses of some liver and kidney function parameters using assay kits. Results: The results showed that the oral doses of methanolic leave extract of P. guineense had no negative alterations on the biochemical parameters analyzed namely, 1) Lipid profile (Triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol and High-Density Lipoprotein levels), 2) electrolytes profile (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, 3) Urea) and 4) Creatinine levels. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the urea levels of treated animals and marked but insignificant reduction in the total cholesterol level and increase in High Density Lipoprotein at P<0.05. Conclusion and Implication for Translation: The reported antidiabetic P. guineense leaf extract caused no adverse biochemical changes in female diabetic rats. This implied that the extract may not distort the lipid and electrolyte profiles of female diabetics and could be pharmacologically safe in the management of female diabetics. It further implied that the Piper, Uziza, commonly taken after childbirth by nursing mothers in some tropical countries may maintain the lipid and electrolyte balance and consequently, prevent hypercholesterolemia and hypertensionItem Open Access Modeling of Nigerian peak petroleum resources depletion using turbulent flow regime with dead time(U. P., 2015-07) Kamalu, C. I.; Nnebue, N. C.; Madu, I. K.; Kamen, F. L.; Effiong, E. E.; Obibuenyi, J. I.; Uzoije, A. P.Seven simple physical non-linear, mathematical models for petroleum resource depletion for Nigeria were developed by varying the input functions of the laplace domain of the models. The models were validated with data collected from the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), Ministry of Petroleum Resources, Nigeria, using MATLAB 7.9 software. As a control, these models were compared with an existing model by Hubert and found to be generally better. Two best models (III and V), with R2 of 99.696% (oil), 99.680% (gas) and R2 of 99.695% (oil), 99.641% (gas) respectively compared to Hubbert’s model with R2 of 98.67% (oil), 99.26% (gas), were selected out of seven (VII) models. The plots of the derivatives of the models which gave the annual production profile were also used to determine the peak and exhaustion periods for both oil and gas. The results were within range 2062 - 2121AD and 748982AD (infinity) respectively for oil production peak and exhaustion, and within the value 2782AD and 13853AD (infinity) respectively for gas production peak and exhaustion from 1957AD. The oil and gas ultimate recovery reserves were subsequently determined at 641.3TB and 5729Qscf respectively. Hence, even though the oil will peak before gas, gas will exhaust before oil. However, this can be due to the slight lower R2 of gas as compared to that of the oilItem Open Access Performance of pig slurry on a degraded sandy soil and the yield of irrigated upland rice (Oryzasativa) in Owerri, South-East Nigeria(Discovery Scientific Society, 2021-01) Ekpe, I. I.; Oti, N. N.; Okonkwo, K. C.; Nwankwo, V. C.; Orji, A.; Okol, N. A.; Aguwa, U. O.; Ojiako, F. O.A field experiment was conducted from December, 2017 to April, 2018 dry seasons at the Center for Agricultural Research and Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, to determine the effect of different rates of Pig slurry on a degraded sandy soil and the yield of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa). There were 6 treatments namely T1 (Control), T2 (NPK 20:10:10) at 800 kg.ha-1, T3(10t/ha of pig slurry), T4 (20t/ha of pig slurry), T5 (30t/ha of pig slurry), T6 (40t/ha of pig slurry) and replicated 3 times. Each plot measured 2 m X 2 m with a 1 m alley between plots. Pre harvest and post harvest soil samples were collected from the sites at 0-30cm depth and used for the determination of selected physical and chemical properties. Grain yield was adjusting to 12 % moisture content and weighed. The experiment was mapped out according to Randomized Complete Block Design. The data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Fishers Least Significant Difference at P = 0.05.The soil properties and grain yield of rice were not significantly affected when T1 (control) was compared with T2 (NPK) treatments. While the application of different rates of Pig Slurry when compared with the control and NPK rates revealed significant effects on soil properties and grain yield of rice. Grain yield increased with increase in rates of pig slurry application. Rice grown on plots treated with 40 t.ha-1 pig slurry gave the highest grain yield as it showed 95, 90, 85, 40, and 20% higher yield when compared with rice yield from the control, NPK, 10 t.ha-1, 20 t.ha-1 and 30 t.ha-1 plots respectively. Pig slurry application rate at 40t.ha-1 has proved to be a good rate for rice production with a promise that increasing the rate beyond this level may continue to give economic yield on a degraded sandy soil.Item Open Access Distribution of cyanide in a cassava-mill-effluent polluted eutric tropofluvent soils of Ohaji Area, South-eastern Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2011) Uzoije Atulegwu Patrick; Nnamdi Egwuonwn; Onunkwo-A, AugustineThis study investigates on the distribution of cyanide on a cassava- mill- effluent polluted eutric tropofluvent soil in Ohaji southern Nigeria. Three morphological land units were marked out namely, the background unit (pedon A), discharged point unit (pedon B) (the effluent receiving unit) and downstream unit (pedon C). Soil sample collection was carried out in five replicates in May 2007 adopting a randomized complete block design techniques. Soil samples were collected from each pedon at different soil profiles: 10 to15, 15 to 30, 30 to 70, 70 to 100 and 100 to 150 cm which were represented as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5, respectively. Samples of the cassava mill effluent were also collected in five replicates. Standard laboratory methods were adopted for the analysis of both samples. It was observed from the results that cyanide distributed geospatially within the pedons. Furthermore, the results of the soil samples were subjected to correlation and regression analysis between Cn and other soil properties and the analysis showed highly positive significant variation(p = 0.05) in Na, Cd, pH, and clay in both pedons A and B while Pb, sand silt and porosity showed highly negative significance in both pedons. Most soil properties showed non significance in pedon C. Highcoefficients of regression for polynomial functions were recorded in most pedons.Item Open Access Model for evaluating the concentration of Iion upgraded during pyrobeneficiation of Iron oxide ore pelletized with powdered potassium Chlorate(U. P., 2009) Nwoye, Chukwuka Ikechukwu; Obiji, Stephen; Anyika, Livinus; Nwoye, Uchenna Chukwuma; Obi, Marthins; Uzoije, Atulegwu Patrick; Ofoegbu, Stanley UdochukwuModel for predicting the concentration of iron upgraded during pyrobeneficiation of iron oxide ore (pelletized with powdered potassium chlorate) has been derived. The model-predicted %Fe upgrades were found to agree a direct relationship between %Fe values and weight-input of KClO3 as exhibited by %Fe upgrades obtained from the experiment. The model; %Fe = 7.1367γ indicates that iron upgrade is dependent on the weight input of KClO3. The validity of the model was rooted in the expression (%Fe/γ)α = (T/β)N where both sides of the expression are correspondingly almost equal. The positive or negative deviation of each of the model-predicted values of %Fe from those of the corresponding experimental values was found to be less than 19% which is quite within the range of acceptable deviation limit of experimental results.Item Open Access Model for calculating the quantity of heat absorbed by oxalic acid solution relative to the final solution pH during leaching of iron oxide Ore(U. P., 2009-09) Nwoye, C. I.; Mbuka, I. E.; Nwoye ,C. C.; Obi, M. C.; Uzoije, A. P.Model for calculating the quantity of heat absorbed by oxalic acid solution during leaching of iron oxide ore has been derived. It was observed that the validity of the model is rooted on the expression InQ = γN where both sides of the expression are approximately equal to 7. The model was found to depend on the value of the final solution pH measured during the experiment. The maximum deviation of the model predicted Q values from the corresponding experimental values was found to be less than 11% which is quite within the acceptable range of deviation limit of experimental results. The positive values of heat absorbed as obtained from experiment and model agree and show that the leaching process is endothermic in nature.Item Open Access Evaluation of the effects of industrial wastewater discharge on surface water (A case study of Nigeria breweries Plc Enugu)(U. P., 2012-09) Egwuonwu, C. C.; Uzoije, A. P.; Okafor, V. C.; Ezeanya, N. C.; Nwachukwu, M. U.The need to undertake an evaluative effect of industrial wastewater discharge on surface water with a case study of Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu into the Ajali River was borne out of the need to ascertain the level of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total suspended Solids (TSS) etc and other characterized effluent been discharged into the water body that determines the level of use and quality of this water for irrigation purposes, human consumption and safe ecological habitation of aquatic lives. To achieve this, laboratory analysis was carried out on the Ajali River and the wastewater discharged from the industry and it was confirmed not to have exceeded the benchmark for required discharge of wastewater into streams and rivers as stipulated by some regulatory bodies. In conclusion, treatment measures and regulatory policies were suggested to checkmate the abuse of this water bodies and the danger it might likely pose to aquatic ecological system if regulatory standards were not complied with.Item Open Access Adsorption kinetics and Mechanisms of cypermethrin and dichlorovos on heterogeneous activated carbon porous media(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2015-11-18) Atulegwu, Patrick Uzoije; Kamalu, Clinfford O.; Uzuakpundu, BasilAdsorption kinetics and mechanism of Cypermethrin (CY) and Dichlorovos (DI) on activated car bons of oil bean seed shell (OBSS), unripe plantain peel (UPP) and castor bean seed shell (CBSS) systems have been studied. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms were modelled by Freunlich, Langmuir and Langmuir-Freunlich (LF) models. Adsorption isotherms of various systems were best described by Langmuir-Freunlich (LF). Mixed 1,2 order equation (MOE), integrated kinetic Langmuir (IKL), pseudo second order equation (PSOE), fractal-like mixed 1,2 order equation (F-MOE), and Boyd and Webbers models were compared and adopted in the analysis of the kinetic data. The models represented different uptake reduction rate of CY and DI by various adsorption systems. F-MOE, IKL and MOE models were in agreement with CY/OBSS, CY/UPP and CY/CBSS sys tem data respectively, hence the conforming models, whereas IKL, MOE and PSOE were the con forming models for DI/OBSS, DI/UPP and DI/CBSS adsorption data systems, respectively. The two diffusion models (Boyd and Webbers) applied confirmed film diffusion pattern as prevailing transportation pathway for CY and DI onto the adsorbents.Item Open Access Activated orange meso-carp carbon (AOMC); an acceptable remediation techniques for crude oil pollution effect(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012-01-01) Atulegwu, Patrick Uzoije; Uzoigwe, Luke O.; Kamalu , C. I. O.Orange mesocarp with its potentials application to remove spilled crude oil was used to prepare an activated adsorbent. Therefore, adsorption of crude oil onto the activated orange meso-carp (AOMC) was investigated. Batch experiment was adopted for the equilibrium studies and the studies were conducted for various operational parameters such as varying crude oil concentration and temperature values. The crude oil samples of A, B, C, D and E, with concentrations 6045, 4393, 8508, 11583, and 5220, respectively and temperature values varied between 10-50ºC were used for the experiment. The adsorption equilibrium was established at 40 min of adsorption time. Partition coefficients, kd (L/kg) for various samples reacted inversely with temperature and were in the ranges of 0.37-0.69, 0.65-1.11, 1.28-2.04, 1.17-1.39 and 1.23-4.53 for samples A, B, C, D and E, respectively. percentage of crude oil samples on the AOMC decreased with low crude oil hydrocarbons and the trend was shown as follows D>C >A>E>B. Percentage ranges for samples A, B, C,D and E were given to be 86.8-88%, 60.5-72.4, 52.5-55.2, 47.9-55.4 and 45.3-49.2%, respectively. Sorption of the crude oil samples to AOMC was found to be spontaneous, exothermic, and physio-sorption controlled with G values being in the ranges of -71.49 to -21.29, -18.25 to -5.43, -30.24 to -21.11, -28.55 to -11.33 and -50.74 to -50.12 KJ/mol for samples A ,B , C , D and E, respectively. Enthalpy(H) and Entropy changes(S) were also found to be -10.28, -12.24, -8.92, -6.9, -50.28 J/mol/K and -2.92, -0.32, -0.50, -0.44, -0.01 for samples A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Activated orange meso-carp provides a veritable environmentally remediation technique for crude oil spillage.Item Open Access Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in acidic medium using theobroma cacao pod(UP, 2020-03) Izionworu, Vincent Onuegbu; Ukpaka, Chukwuemeka Peter; Oguzie, Emeka EmmanuelCorrosion inhibition effect of cold water extract of Theobroma cacao pods - Cocoa pod (TCP-CP) on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl base stock solution has been studied. The study was conducted using weight loss measurement narrowed down to the effect of immersion time, inhibitor concentration and temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of TCP-CP. The study also investigated the thermodynamic properties of the inhibitor in the corrodent and revealed that the adsorption of the cold extracts of TCP-CP on mild steel surface was concentration dependent and obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The equilibrium constant of adsorption process (Kads) for TCP-CP inhibitor evaluated mathematically is 0.00266, 0.0271, 0.1795, 0.0253 and 0.0147 (mg/L) with a free energy of adsorption (∆Goads) value of -0.978, -1.060, -6.173, 0.942 and 0.737 kJ/mol at 303, 313, 323, 333 and 343 K respectively. The small values of Kads suggest weak absorption which is corroborated by the low negative values of the free energy of adsorption, ∆Goads, values obtained from thermodynamic measurements. The negative value of ∆Goads suggests that the adsorption of TCP-CP inhibiting particles on the mild steel surface was favourable from thermodynamic point of view and provided proof that TCP-CP extracted with cold water is an efficient inhibitor and the thermodynamic properties of the examined concentrations determinedItem Open Access Thermodynamic and adsorption evaluation of codiaeum variegatum brilliantissima - Zanzibar as inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl(Rivers State University, 2020-12) Izionworu, Vincent Onuegbu; Oguzie, Emmanuel Emeka; Arukalam, Okechi InnocentThis study evaluated the thermodynamic and adsorption properties of aqueous extract of Codiaeum Variegatum Brilliantissima - Zanzibar (Wire Croton) as an inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl base stock solution using gravimetric measurement focused on the effect of immersion time, inhibitor concentration and temperature. The result showed that the adsorption of the cold aqueous extracts of Wire Croton on mild steel surface favored Langmuir adsorption isotherm as supported by an overall correlation coefficient (R2) close to unity. The equilibrium constant of adsorption process (Kads) for Wire Croton inhibitor evaluated mathematically is 0.0106, 0.0131, 0.1276, 0.1171 and 0.0269 (mg/L) with free energy of adsorption (∆Goads) values of 1.345, 0.821, -5.256, -5.182 and -1.445 kJ/mol for concentrations of 73.6, 147.2, 220.8, 294.4 and 368 mg/L exposed to 303, 313, 323, 333 and 343 K respectively. The small values of Kads suggest weak adsorption which is corroborated by the low negative values of the free energy of adsorption, ∆Goads, values obtained from thermodynamic measurements. The adsorption of Wire Croton inhibiting particles on the mild steel surface was favorable from thermodynamic point of view since values of ∆Goads for more concentrations of the inhibitor were negative and provided proof that aqueous extract of the inhibitor is an efficient inhibitor. 1 Zanzibar as Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in M HCl. Journal of Newviews in Engineering and Technology. 2(4), 1 – 13. 1. INTRODUCTION: Corrosion continuous to pose serious challenge to infrastructure causing loss in revenue (Izionworu et al., 2021; NACE, 2016). The use of inorganic and organic inhibitors such as volatile inhibitors, Passivating inhibitors, Film inhibitors and Cathodic inhibitors has been welcomed in the past, particularly in the oil and gas field operations where they have yielded positive results in terms of reduced failure of installations and hence increased revenue. Although some level of successes has been recorded in the use of inorganic and organic inhibitors in corrosion control according to Chauhan et al. (2021), there are issues around their environmental suitability and health implications (Finsgar & Jackson, 2014; Umoren & Solomon, 2014).