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    Adaptive strategies for delayed onset of rainfall for maize production in tropical rainforest of SouthEastern Nigeria
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2014-12) Adikuru, Ndubuisi Chinedu
    Delayed onset of rainfall constrains farmers across the humid southern Nigeria to delay planting, until the rain is established, as a means of avoiding the moisture stress imposed. Field experiments were therefore conducted in 2009 and 2010 to assess the impacts of delayed onset of rainfall with a view to determining appropriate adaptation strategies for the production of maize in the southeastern rainforest zone of Nigeria. The study was a split-split plot laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Four sowing dates (February 28, March 15, March 30 and April 14) were the main plots, three maize varieties (TZE COMP3 C3, TZL COMP4 C3 and OKA AWAKA) the sub-plots and two poultry manure rates (0 and 10 tons/ha) constituted the sub-sub plots. The main plots measured 13.25 x 7m, subplots were 3.75 x 7m and sub-subplots were 3.75 x 3m. Maize was sown at a population of 53,333 plants ha¬-1 (0.75 x 0.25m). Plant parameters measured included vegetative growth parameters (at 2, 4 and 6weeks after planting), reproductive growth parameters and grain yield. Other measurements were soil temperature and moisture content. The results showed that in 2009 and 2010 maize planted on February 28 and March 15 generally had reduced vegetative growth compared to maize planted on March 30 and April 14 due to moisture deficit. Stem dry matter was reduced by 85.3% in 2009 when maize planted on March 15 and April 14 was compared and by 81.4% in 2010 when maize planted on March 15 and March 30 was compared. Moisture stress also delayed attainment of maize physiological maturity by 6.0 and 11.0 days in 2009 and 8.0 and 10.0 days in 2010 when maize planted on February 28 was compared to maize planted on March 30 and April 14 respectively. Grain yield reduction was 26.6% in 2010. The late maturing varieties (TZL COMP4 C3 and OKA AWAKA) were superior to the early maturing variety with regard to vegetative and reproductive growth.Variety TZL COMP4 C3 which had the lowest anthesis silking interval(5.0 days) is considered the most physiologically desirable among the three maize varieties. Application of 10tons/ha of poultry manure significantly increased vegetative growth and hastened maturity in maize. Poultry manure significantly increased maize yield components and resulted in 33.3 and 61.3% increase in grain yield in 2009 and 2010 respectively. The results from this study showed that poultry manure application, selection of variety and time of planting are effective strategies for adaptation to the impacts of delayed onset of rainfall in the humid rainforest zone of Nigeria.
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    Modeling lateral distribution of heavy metal and bio-accumulation in earthworm in the varying acidic surface horizon of waste-polluted soil
    (U. P., 2013) Atulegwu, Patrick Uzoije; Uzoigwe, Luke; Otuonye, Erick; Kamalu, Clifford O.; Onunkwo-Akunne, Austine
    Heavy metal concentrations and its distributions in the soil have been a source of concern to soil usage, particularly to agriculture as concentration and distribution of heavy metal determine to a large extent, the soil quality and consequently that of the crops. The ability to quantify the amount of heavy metal in the soil is of immense importance to soil management. The use of accurate model is essential to estimate the actual soil heavy metal values and its distribution for efficient management. In this study, soil and earthworm samples of the battery-waste-polluted site and that of the background site were collected from five different locations(A,B,C,D and E) along the gradient of decreasing pollution. With five replicates each form one sampling location, twenty–five soil and fifty earthworms samples (two earthworms from each replicate) were collected using stratified random sampling technique. Lead(pb), Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Nickel(Ni), Manganese(Mn), Arsenic(As), pH and Mercury(Hg) were analyzed using standard methods. The same process was replicated for the background site. Values of the heavy metals in soil and earthworms were natural and typical of Ameki-Nanka-soil formation. The average range of heavy metals concentrations in soil and earthworm samples from the polluted site were; pb(1025-695 mg/kg), Cd(11.34-6.3 mg/kg), Mn(290-81 mg/kg), pH(2.3-6.9mg/kg),Cr(185-3.7 mg/kg), Ni(12.87-1.7 mg/kg), As(72-4.5 mg/kg), Hg(1.7-0.002mg/kg) and pb(193-37.98 mg/kg), Cd(14.04-0.01 mg/kg), Mn(17.34-1.10mg/kg), pH(6.9-2.3mg/kg), Cr(8.45-0.01 mg/kg), Ni(1.41-0.03 mg/kg), As(0.75-0.01 mg/kg), Hg(0.4-0.009mg/kg) respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals for soil and earthworm samples decreased along the gradient of decreasing pollution of the polluted site. Three models(Linear , Logarithmic and quadratic models) were developed to test their suitability to the data in which Ph was correlated with heavy metals. Inverse correlation was observed with coefficient R2 of between 0.77-0.95 and lowest percentage deviation of the field from the predicted values.
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    Recombinant phosphoinositide-3-kinase C2β C2 domain molecules
    (IISTE, 2017) Banigo, Alma Tamunonengiofori; Azeez, Taofik Oladimeji
    Recombinant DNA domain remains a dependant of effective use of recombinant proteins in many applications but its production remains an area of concern due to DNA vector and production path. This work is aimed at studying the generation and replication of the recombinant DNA molecule using PI3K C2β C2 domain and glutathione s-transferase (GST) which expressed in pGEX-2T vector. The molecular cloning technique was employed to generate a recombinant DNA molecule. PI3K C2β C2 domain of isoform PI3K C2β belonging to class PI3K C2 of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase (PI3K) family was used and the effective digestion of pGEX-2T vector was studied using restricted enzymes (RE) of EcoR I and Sma I with binding partners location. The ligated product of recombinant DNA was obtained after successful doubled digestion of pGEX-2T vector. The best transformation of competent bacterial cells was obtained at molar ratio of 5:1 for RE digested vector insert DNA and vector DNA. The recombinant DNA can be employed may be used in treatment of non – communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
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    Reduction in annular pressure loss by mud rheology control-a means of mud pump pressure optimization: A case study of Niger Delta well
    (International Knowledge Press, 2016-02-18) Onugha, Ifeyinwa N.; Igwilo, Kevin C.; Duru, Ugochukwu I.
    This paper proposes two linear mathematical models for the reduction of annular pressure loss in a Niger Delta well- X, so that mud pump pressure is optimized. Data related to mud rheology, mud pump pressure, drill cuttings and the well geometry is available for well X which has already been drilled. The first linear model involves the reduction in pressure drop in the drill collar-casing annulus and the second linear model involves the reduction in pressure drop in the drill pipe-casing annulus. These models express reduced or critical annular pressure drops in terms of two mud rheological parameters- the yield point and plastic viscosity. For combined annular drill collar and drill pipe pressure loss, this paper proposes that the two linear mathematical models can be solved simultaneously to obtain optimum yield point and plastic viscosity of the drilling mud system to be employed for hole cleaning in the combined drill collar-casing and drill pipe-casing annulus. The HerschelBulkley model is employed as the rheological model that represents the properties of the drilling mud system analyzed and is generated for eight rheological cases each of the drill collar and drill pipe annular hole cleaning as well as two cases of the combined drill collar and drill pipe annular hole cleaning
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    Soil quality modeling of a highly acidic eutric - tropofluvent soil
    (IDOSI Publications, 2010) Uzoije Atulegwu Patrick
    Waste from garri processing centre of Umuagwo, Ohaji L.G.A of Imo state has impacted enormous pollution on the soil ecosystem of the centre. Huge resources and quality man hour have been spent on determining the level of such pollution in similar circumstances using laboratory techniques. In view of the aforementioned, the study developed several regression models, establishing the relationship between Ph and other selected soil physiochemical properties, to predict the values of the these selected properties in the polluted soils. The study took place in three sampling pedons A, B and C using the technique of stratified random sapling for sample collection. Pedon A is the background or the control unit, pedon B or the discharge point is the cassava mill effluent (CME) receiving unit and pedon C is the down stream, 500m away from pedon B. the result showed high values of soil physiochemical properties(mainly the heavy metals) at pedon B and the trend reduced away from pedon B and lowest in pedon A. In terms of pedons the heavy metal concentrations took this trend; pedon B>pedon C>pedonA. pH relationship with heavy metals in pedons A and B showed positive linear relationships with their coefficient of linearity(R2) ranging between 0.70-0.92 while other soil physiochemical properties obeyed polynomial relationships at reasonably high coefficient of fitness. Polynomial models fitted the pH relationships virtually in all the selected physiochemical properties of pedon C. The models have provided quick assessment of these physiochemical materials by mere determining the pH value and substituting the pH values into the models to predicting other properties.