Theses and Dissertations

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Browsing Theses and Dissertations by Subject "accidents"

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    Analysis of risks in Nigeria ship building industry
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-03) Anyanwu, Nnamdi
    The aim of the study was to determine the determinant risks of occupational injury and illness associated with exposure to hazards in the shipbuilding and repair sector in Nigeria. The study used Starzs shipyard Onne, Rivers shipbuilding and repair clusters and Niger Dock shipbuilding facility in Lagos clusters and adopted a mixed research design approach in which both secondary data from the Environmental Health and Safety Department of the Shipyard and the primary data from survey were used. The method of principal component analysis , Risks analysis methods, and descriptive statistics cum inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained. It was found that, welding and cutting hazards, chemical fumes and dust inhalation hazards, and noise hazards with Eigen value for each exceeding 1(Eigen value>1), constitute the determinant hazards of Starzs shipbuilding and repair facility in Rivers clusters in Nigeria while in Niger Dock Shipbuilding facility Lagos clusters, risk of hazards associated with welding fabrication and cutting, noise hazards, chemical fumes and metallic particles inhalation, hazards linked to vibration of equipment and hazards linked to fire and explosion each have Eigen value greater than 1(Eigen value>1), as a result formed the determinant hazards in the Niger Dock Shipbuilding and repair facility to which worker are exposed. The workers in Niger Dock are further significantly exposed to fire and explosion hazards and hazards linked to vibration of equipment in addition to the three hazard types (welding and fabrication hazards, noise hazards and chemical fumes and dust particles inhalation risks) to which workers in Starzs Marine Shipyard are significantly exposed. The implication is that dock workers in Niger Dock are exposed significantly to greater number of occupational hazard types than those in Starzs Marine Shipyard, implying that workers in the shipbuilding and repair sector in Nigeria are exposed to similar hazard types, but significance or proportion of exposure to each hazard type is a function of the shipyard. The findings of the study also indicate that burns injury, rhinorrhea illness, cuts injury and tinnitus illness pose the greatest levels of risk of occurrence in Niger Dock. The result also indicates that about 42.1% of the dockworkers identified the existence of fall hazards (slips and trips hazards) in the shipbuilding sector in Nigeria while 77.3% of the respondents identified that dockworkers are exposed to electrical hazards in the shipbuilding and repair sector in Nigeria. About 62.5%, 83%, 26.1%, 99.8%, 52.3%, and 84.1% of the respondents identified that dockworkers in the shipbuilding and repair sector are exposed to vibration hazards, noise hazards, biological hazards, welding & cutting hazards, fire & explosion hazards, chemical fumes and dust hazards respectively. The implication of this is that the shipyard and the shipbuilding and repair sector in Nigeria should prioritize the control reduction and elimination of the occupational injury and illness types that pose the greatest risk of occurrence and consequences in Nigeria.
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    Modelling marine accidents economic loss and the compensation in Nigeria
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-12) Nwokedi, Theophilus C.
    The aim of the study was to develop models of empirical relationships and elasticity coefficients that will serve as strategic tools for ensuring that, marine underwriters reserve adequate funds to maintain financial solvency for ensuring timely, adequate and sustainable compensation of marine accidents economic loss, for all kinds of insured marine risks, in Nigeria. The study used triangulation design method and obtained time series data on annual marine damage accidents economic costs, compensation funds reserved for insured marine risks, death and injury marine accidents, values of seaborne trade exposed to perils of the sea and per capita output, from the Nigerian Insurers Association (NIA), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Reports, and Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) offshore oil and gas incidents Reports. Questionnaire was used as survey instrument to obtain primary data on externalities costs to third party operators affected by marine oil spill accidents impacts on the marine ecosystem. The multiple regression method was used to model the relationships between the dependent and independent variables while the Log-Log constant elasticity model was used to establish the respective coefficients of elasticity. The Gross Output Model (GOM) was used to quantify the output losses occasioned by death cum injury marine accidents, for compensation purposes, while the Willingness to Accept (WTA) method of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to evaluate the externalities costs and output losses to third party operators affected by marine accidents ecosystem damages, for purposes of providing adequate levels of compensation funds for indemnification of insured marine risks. It was found that, there exists significant relationships between shipping accidents economic loss and value of seaborne trade. The elasticity of shipping accidents economic loss to growth in value of seaborne trade over the period covered in the study shows that it was inelastic (E<1). The coefficient of elasticity of offshore O&G damage accidents economic loss to growth in maritime trade is 2.376. The mean economic costs of death and injury marine accidents to be compensated by underwriters per annum over the period is 4797662.92USD and 279181.17USD respectively with respective average rates of change of 1399708.27USD and -29587.88USD. The result also shows that, the Mean Willingness to Accept Amount (MWTA) which indicates the externalities cost of marine accidents damages to each third party operator affected by oil spill accidents and which underwriters are to provide adequate compensation is: N1,629,610 per annum per capita. The study developed the following models of relationship as contribution to knowledge: SHALt = 2430145.277 + 0.34IMPSTRADEt + 0.051EXPSTRADEt + e; and OFFALt = 123404.891 + 0.321IMPSTRADEt + 0.121EXPSTRADEt + e. InMAPREt = 11.021 + 0.364InSHALt + e; and InOGREt = 16.879 + 0.037InOFFALt + e. COMPENpercapital≥N1629610[1+ r] n ; and MPENaggegate≥N1629610[Xn][1 + r n. Also: ∆MAPREdeath≥1399708.265USD. It was recommended that compensation funds reserved by underwriters for indemnification of insured unexpired marine risks must increase proportionately in line with growth in value of seaborne trade exposed to sea perils and maritime accidents economic loss, indicated by the elasticity and rate of change coefficients.