Theses and Dissertations

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Browsing Theses and Dissertations by Subject "Adsorption"

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    Adsorption of dye-extract from peristophe roxburghiana onto cotton fabric: Kinetic, thermodynamic and isothermic evaluation
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-03) Oguzie, Chima Kenneth
    Adsorption of dye-extract from Peristophe roxburghiana onto cotton fabric: Kinetic, thermodynamics and Isothermic evaluation was studied at different temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and concentration (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5g/l). Peristophe roxburghiana (PR) plant leaf sample was extracted using aqueous extraction method for 40mins at 70°C. The plant extract was characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and FTIR. The wavelength of maximum adsorption was at 580nm and the functional group identified at 1200.2 cm-1 , 1.323.3 cm- , and 3272.6 cm-1 in the plant extract showed that the dye is an Anthocyanin dye as it contains hydroxyl (OH+ ), ketone (CO- ), hydroxylated aromatic ring. The adsorption mechanism was affected by temperature and concentration while its kinetic pattern obeyed pseudo second order model and type 1 Langmuir isotherm model perfectly. Thermodynamic parameters values 3438.4J/Mol for (ΔH°) and -9.991 J/Mol/K(ΔS°) respectively revealed the reaction was endothermic in nature. This study also showed that the reaction of the dye is chemisorption with a definable adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, a design for colour control and colour optimization can be achieved with proper understands of the adsorption behavior of the dye extract from this plant leaf.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Application of some metal oxide nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2024-12) Igwe, Prince Uche
    The present work involves the study of the removal of As3+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ from synthetic wastewater solutions using metal oxide nanoparticles. Laboratory experiments were used to investigate the efficiency of adsorbents in the uptake of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. These include equilibrium tests and kinetic studies. The physical and chemical characterization of the metal oxide nanoparticles was carried out using different analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X – Ray Diffraction (XRD), X – Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The kinetic study indicated the suitability of the modified nanoparticles for the removal of As3+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from synthetic wastewater. Column experiments were used to identify the effect of parameters that affect the rate of adsorption such as the effect of contact time, the effect of adsorbeThis nt mass, effect of initial solution concentration, and the effect of temperature and evaluated their impact on the efficiency of modified and its control of the metal oxide nanoparticles in the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The kinetic studies showed that the capacity of the adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals increased with contact time, increased with a greater mass of absorbent, higher solution concentration as well as the solution temperature. The results from the equilibrium studies positively demonstrated that metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized modified and nonmodified can be used as an excellent adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater solutions. The equilibrium experiments indicated that the capacities of metal oxide nanoparticles for the uptake of heavy metals increased when the adsorbent mass increased. The results indicated that the maximum removal capacities Q were 67.11, 67.11, 54.05, 55.56 and 84.74 mg/g of modified and its control of the metal oxide nanoparticles for Arsenic, cadmium, chromium nickel and lead respectively. the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to characterize the experimental data and to assess the adsorption behaviour of modified and its control of the metal oxide nanoparticles for arsenic, cadmium, chromium nickel and lead. The experimental data were slightly better suited to the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The value of the correlation coefficients R 2 ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for the Langmuir isotherm and from 0.90 to 0.99 for the Freundlich isotherm. The results indicate that starch modified metal oxide nano adsorbents showed higher adsorption. Therefore, starch modified nanoparticle or adsorbents should be incorporated in the synthesis of metal oxides used as adsorbents, due to its ability to improve the surface area and enhance greater adsorption of metal ions.