School of Health Technology
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Item Open Access A review of sociological factors associated with diabetes mellitus(TIJOSS & ARF, 2013-05-30) Azuamah, Y. C.; Imaseun, A. F.; Onoseta, O. H.; Onuoha, P. C.Diabetes Mellitus is not a single disease entity but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. This review paper takes a look at the major sociological factors associated with increased blood glucose levels and its control. Among these factors include the socioeconomic status of individuals, their ethnicity, sex and religion. Other sociological factors mentioned in this paper are people’s lifestyle, obesity, consumption of alcohol, genetics, marital status, health education and age. Genetics is known to be a major factor in diabetes mellitus as many people with diabetes mellitus tend to have family members especially parents and siblings with the disorder. Socioeconomic status also plays a major role as people in the lower socioeconomic status tend to have diabetes more than those in the higher socioeconomic status. Age is also known to be a factor in Type 2 Diabetes as most people with this type of diabetes tend to show symptoms from the age of 40 and above. Other sociological factors mentioned are discussed in detailItem Open Access Age and gender variations of visual impairment in the distribution of cataract at Ehime Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria(U. P., 2015-03) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N; Esenwah E. C.; Agu, G. C.; Okorie, M. E.This study was carried out in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria, to assess the age and gender variations in visual impairment among individuals with cataract. Out of 233 subjects examined, 68 males and 68 females were found to have cataract. The mean age of the male subjects was 61.37±13.97 while the mean age of the female subjects was 56.78±14.05. Results of the best correctable visual acuity of the male and female subjects in the better eye using the WHO classification revealed that 33 (24.26%) males and 28 (20.60%) females were normal with a best correctable visual acuity of 6/6 to 6/18. Twenty four (17.65%) males and 25 (18.38%) females had visual impairment with a visual acuity of <6/18 – 6/60. Severe visual impairment was seen in 5 (3.67%) males and 4 (2.94%) females. Subjects in categories 3, 4 and 5 were labeled blind according to WHO definition with a male frequency of 1 (0.74%), 4 (2.94%) and 1 (0.74%) respectively. The female frequency was 4 (2.94%), 5 (3.67%) and 2 (1.47%) respectively. SPSS statistical software analysis using the paired sample T test showed that the age and gender variations in visual impairment was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval, t(67)= -4.394, (p<0.05).Item Open Access Association of erectile dysfunction with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Rivers State, Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Okey-Ewurum, I. G.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, E. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Ibe, S. N. O.; Iwuoha, G.; Azuamah, Y. C.Most men experience erectile dysfunction and this condition can be associated with various health problems. This study was carried out to investigate the association of erectile dysfunction with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among men above 20 years in Rivers State, Nigeria. The multi stage sampling technique was used to select 330 men across the city. Blood pressure of the subjects was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer and a glucometer was used to measure the blood glucose level. Results showed that were 115 subjects with hypertension, out of which 94 (81.7%) had ED. Among subjects of 21-30 years, no subject had ED; for 31-40 years, 3 (37.5%) out of 8 had ED; for 41-50 years, 12 (70.6%) out 17 had ED; for 51-60 years, 22 (84.6%) out of 26 had ED; for 61-70 years, 28 (87.5%) out of 32 had ED; for above 70 years, 29 (90.6%) out of 32 had ED. Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chisquare test at 0.05 level of significance showed a significant association of ED with systemic hypertension (P<0.05). Results also showed that there were 91 subjects with diabetes mellitus, out of which 77 (44.6%) had ED. Among subjects of 21-30 years, 1 (50.0%) out of 2 had ED; for 31-40 years, 6 (75.0%) out of 8 had ED; for 41-50 years, 14 (87.5%) out 16 had ED; for 51-60 years, 22 (95.7%) out of 23 had ED; for 61-70 years, 15 (78.9%) out of 19 had ED; for above 70 years, 19 (82.6%) out of 23 had ED. There was a correlation of erectile dysfunction with both systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance showed that the association of ED with systemic hypertension was significant with increasing age (P<0.05) but not with increasing age of people with diabetes mellitus (P>0.05). It was recommended that physicians counsel their patients with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the possible association with erectile dysfunction.Item Open Access Socio-demographic factors associated with erectile dysfunction among men in Port-Harcourt, Southern Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Okey-Ewurum, I. G.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, E. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Ibe, S. N. O.; Iwuoha, G.; Azuamah, Y. C.Erectile dysfunction is a health problem that involves the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection. The objective of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic factors associated with erectile dysfunction among men. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Port-Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. The multi stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents and an informed consent was obtained from all the participants. A well-structured questionnaire was given to each respondent to fill out. A total of 330 males with a mean age of 48±2.3 participated in the study. Results showed that 210 (63.64%) respondents reported erectile dysfunction. The distribution of erectile dysfunction according to age was 21-30, 13(3.94%); 31-40, 19 (5.76%); 41-50, 37 (11.20%); 51-60, 48 (14.55%); 61-70, 45 (13.64%); and above 70, 48 (14.55%). The employment status of the respondents was 9 (2.73%) respondents who were peasants; civil servants were 12 (3.64%); private sector, 44 (13.33%); self-employed, 106 (32.12%); others were 39 (11.82%). Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance showed that erectile dysfunction was significantly associated with age (P<0.05), education level (P<0.05), and employment status (P<0.05). In conclusion, majority of the respondents reported that they have erectile dysfunction. Age, educational level and employment status were all found to have a significant association with erectile dysfunction. Health education and public enlightenment was recommended to educate men on erectile dysfunction and its risk factors.