Assessment of the effects of conflicts reduction and environmental justice on sustainable development in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
| dc.contributor.author | Chukuigwe, Orokwu | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-05-10T15:30:09Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-05-10T15:30:09Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-03 | |
| dc.description | This thesis is for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) Degree in Agricultural Extension | |
| dc.description.abstract | The study assessed the effects of conflicts Reduction and environmental justice on sustainable development in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The study identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, ascertained types and levels of conflicts in the study area, identified factors that predispose the respondents to conflicts, identified environmental injustice prevalent in the study area, analysed the factors that are constraints to environmental justice, examined the factors that contributed to sustainability of projects, assessed stakeholders participation in the management of conflicts, evaluated community participation levels on projects and identified factors that are common to both conflicts and environmental justice in the study area. The study was carried out in three out of the nine states of the Niger Delta. Namely: Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers States. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire from 380 out of 400 respondents giving a response rate of 95%. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, frequency distribution, percentages, probit, Spearman rho correlation and Chow test. The result showed that men (64.7%); the age group 41 to 50 years(31.8%) was predominant. Majority of the respondents (57.6%) were married, average household size was six (6) and 84.2% were unemployed. With regard to occupation, 36.3% were involved in fishing while 42.6% were into farming. The dominant educational attainment was secondary school at26.1%while the Mean income was N24,658. The dominant types of conflict in the area were political (18.9%), environmental (12%), cultism (4.6%). The level of conflict was high, 2.2 out of maximum of 3 points. Some of the factors that predisposed respondents to conflicts were environmental degradation (78.9%), land dispute (62.4%) and cultism (55.5%). Conflicts were resolved mainly through legal process (17.7%), community elders/chiefs (16.6%) and combination of legal process, community Elders/chiefs, community Development committee (18%) while incidences of injustice in the area included land and water pollution (84%), gas flaring (81%), and incidence of Criss- cross maze of oil pipelines on farm lands (68.4%). Constraints to environmental justice included Government policies, community Leadership structure among others, some of the factors the respondents perceived to have contributed to sustainability of development projects were participation from scoping (𝑥̅=3.31) and non-complexity of technology (𝑥̅=3.06) among others. The result also showed that stakeholders were not active participants in the resolution of conflicts. The level of participation in development projects was low, 1.89 out of maximum of 3 points. Six variables namely, education, income, sex, employment, participation and distance from home to project were common to the three dependent variables of Conflict, Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development. Finally, the results showed an inverse relationship existed between conflicts and environmental justice (-0.72) as well as sustainable development (-0.17) while there was a positive correlation between environmental justice and sustainable development (0.67). From the findings of the study it was therefore recommended that improvement in the variables of education, income, sex, employment, participation and reduction in the distance to the project are likely to reduce conflicts, improve environmental justice and advance sustainable development. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Chukuigwe, O. (2021). Assessment of the effects of conflicts reduction and environmental justice on sustainable development in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria [Unpublished Doctoral Thesis] Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.futo.edu.ng/handle/20.500.14562/2733 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Federal University of Technology, Owerri | |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Assessment | |
| dc.subject | effects | |
| dc.subject | conflict-reduction | |
| dc.subject | environmental justice on sustainable development | |
| dc.subject | Department of Agricultural Extension | |
| dc.title | Assessment of the effects of conflicts reduction and environmental justice on sustainable development in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria | |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis |