Browsing by Author "Sanni, Samuel E."

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    Modification of waste tire pyrolytic oil as base fluid for synthetic lube oil blending and production: Waste tire utilization approach. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (Online First)
    (Springer, 2020) Okoro, Emmanuel E.; Erivona, Nehemiah O.; Sanni, Samuel E.; Orodu, Kale B.; Igwilo, Kevin C.
    This study provides an environmentally friendly process for the production of waste tire pyrolytic oil from fast pyrolysis for use in lube oil production. The produced waste tire pyrolytic oil was further distilled to provide an almost pure base fuid for production of lube oil. The distilled pyrolytic oil was further transformed to lube oil via polyol synthesis. Characterization of the distilled pyrolytic oil from waste tire pyrolysis shows that the oil after distillation contained 2.04 g/100 g of Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1.96 g/100 g of naphthalene, and 5.99 g/100 g of parafn. The synthetic base fuid was blended with additive to obtain the desired lube oil. Based on the results obtained, the properties of the produced lubricant fall within the accept able criteria for standard lube oils/commercial lubricants. Six diferent blends (A–F) were produced using varied percentages of the selected additives and the base fuid, however, sample C gave the best lube oil blend considering its average density (0.97 kg/L), average viscosity which compares favourably with ISO viscosity (68 mm2/s) of class 68 oil at 40 °C with a fash point above 200 °C
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    Radiological and toxicity risk exposures of oil based mud: Health implication on drilling crew in Niger Delta
    (Springer-Verlag, 2020) Okoro, Emmanuel Emeka; Ochonma, Chidiebere; Omeje, Maxwell; Sanni, Samuel E.; Emetere, Moses E.; Orodu, Kale B.; Igwilo, Kevin C.
    Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and the presence of toxic metals in drilling fluids/their additives have raised research interests in recent times owing to the risks associated with the exposure times for drillers of petroleum wells. In this study, two drilling fluids A and B were formulated, while two other Mud Samples C and D were obtained from drilled shale and shale-sand formation zones. All four fluids were collected and analyzed for the presence of radioactive and heavy metals. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) were detected in the mud samples. The heavy metal contents of the mud samples are in the following decreasing order of magnitude Hg>Pb>Cd>Cr.InSamplesA–D,Hg,Pb,Cr,andCdwerefoundtohavesignificantconcentrations,andtheconcentrations of these metals increased in the mud samples after they were used for drilling. The concentration of Hg was above the permissible limit. Also, the concentrations of Pb, Cu, As, and Al found in Mud Samples A and B can cause skin irritations over long-term exposures, while Cd, Hg, Zn, and Ni present in the samples were within levels that can cause lung infections or immune breakdown when ingested over long periods. The quantities of Cd, Hg, and Cu detected in Mud Samples C and D can cause skin irritations over long-term exposures, while those of As, Zn, Ni, and Al were seen to have the potential to cause dermal infections/diseases. Based on the results obtained, the cancer risk for the drilling crew lies within 1.1 × 10−3-7.7×10−3 HQ. The highest dose rate, radium release, and external hazard index were obtained for Mud Sample C whose radium equivalent was judged to be far below the critical safe limit for the drillers. The radium equivalent activity for the two field mud samples (C and D) were estimated to be 27.467 and 22.978 Bq kg−1, respectively, which is the maximum activity obtained for the analyzed samples. The maximum radium equivalent activity for Mud Sample C was estimated as 27.48 Bq kg−1 with a corresponding external hazard index of 0.7. Based on the analysis, there is a significant correlation between the concentration of heavy metals and the radionuclides found in the mud samples.