Browsing by Author "Nnorom, Emmanuel Iyke"

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    Analysis of maize value chain in Imo State, Nigeria
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-05) Nnorom, Emmanuel Iyke
    The study analysed maize value chain in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of maize value chain actors in Imo State; ascertain the value chain map in maize value chain in the area; estimate the net margin and profitability of maize supply, production, processing and marketing in the area; estimate the contributions of the major actors in the maize value chain in the state; evaluate the value added and hence, the determinants of value addition in maize supply, production, processing and marketing in the study area and identify the constraints associated with maize value chain among producers, processors and marketers in the study area. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the sample for the study. A Total of 240 respondents were used for the study that is; 60 suppliers, 60 producers, 60 processors and 60 marketers. Well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, percentage, frequency distribution, regression models, principal component factor analysis (PCFA), net farm income model and ANOVA. The result shows that majority (53.33%, 53.33% and 78.33%) of the respondents were female suppliers, producers and processors of maize respectively while majority (55%) of the respondents were male marketers of maize. Their mean ages were 57.25, 50.5, 41 and 45.5 years respectively. Majority (85%, 85%, 63.33% and 80%) of maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers were married. The mean household size were 5, 7, 4 and 4 persons for maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers respectively. The mean number of years spent in school were 9.6, 9.1, 9.9 and 12.1 respectively. About 52%, 47% and 67% of maize seed suppliers, processors and marketers had trading as their major occupation, while 71.67% of the producers had farming as their major occupation. The mean years of experience were 9.3, 15.8, 8.8 and 12. Also, 65%, 45%, 20% and 61.67% of maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers respectively were members of one cooperative association or the other, while 35%, 55%, 80% and 38.33% of maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers respectively were not members of any cooperative association. The mean farm size was 1.42 hectares. The value chain map shows that the chain started with the maize seed suppliers and ended with the consumers, and all the actors in the chain interacted more with the retailers and local supermarkets. Maize actors made a net income of N13,364.79, N113,339.38, N505.10 and N12,532.38 per ton, indicating that the actors made profit from their investment. Return on investment were estimated as N2.049, N4.87, N0.029 and N0.557 to the maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers respectively. Maize seed suppliers, producers, processors and marketers each contributed 1.67% respectively to the market share. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that on the determinants of value addition were age, marital status, household size, association membership, product cost, transportation cost, preservation cost, and output for maize seed supply; gender, farm size, labour cost and output for maize producers; age, product cost and output for maize processing while educational level, association membership, transportation cost, product cost and output for maize marketing. The most important constraints associated with maize value chain amongst suppliers were high cost of maize seed, high cost of hulling maize seed from the cub and high cost of transportation to supply maize seed; amongst producers were lack of high yielding maize variety, lack of good access road to the farm and lack of access to credit; amongst processors were lack of good storage facility for processed maize (LGSF), change in market price of maize seed, lack of good access road, inadequate maize seed and high cost of transportation and amongst marketers were high cost of hired labour, high cost of hulling maize seed from the cob, high cost of transportation. The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference in the net margin amongst the various actors in maize value chain in Imo State, Nigeria was rejected. It is therefore recommended that Enterprise differentiation should be encouraged to maximize resources.