Browsing by Author "Moses, Abasiodiong"

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    Epidemiology of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae isolated from selected hospitals within Owerri metropolis in Imo State
    (Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-11) Moses, Abasiodiong
    Over the past few decades, resistance to antibiotics has been of great concern to the general public, hence the several researches and measures to control it. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by plasmids possessed by enterobacteriaceae, capable of hydrolyzing broad spectrum cephalosporins and monobactam but inactive against cephamycins and imipenem compounds. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of ESBL producing enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples within selected hospitals in Owerri metropolis by determining the resistant bacterial urine and stool, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and phenotypically determining the ESBL producing isolates using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method as well as confirming the genes responsible for the resistance using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of 300 analyzed urine and stool, 165 (55%) yielded bacterial growth; of which 107 (64.8%) was identified as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 58 (35.2%) was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae).The overall resistance rate of the isolates to antibiotics include: Imipenem (50) 30.3%, Ceftazidime (128) 77.6%, Cefotaxime (118) 71.5%, Augmentin (72) 43.6%, Cefepime (133) 80.6%, Trimethoprim (63) 63%, Chloramphenecol (55) 55%, Septrin (65) 65%, Ciprofloxacin (54) 54%, Amoxicilin (65) 65%, Augmentin 2 (42) 42%, Gentamicin (44) 44%, Pefloxacin (49) 49%, Ofloxacin (60) 60% and Streptomicin (56) 56%. A total of 72 bacterial isolates (43.6%) were identified as ESBL producing, comprising 47 (65.3%) E. coli and 25 (34.7%) K. pneumoniae. Three (3) ESBL genes TEM, SHV and CTX-M were detected on seventeen (17) random isolates, with a prevalence rate of 5 (29.4%) for TEM/SHV, 9 (52.9%) for TEM/CTX, 4 (23.5%) for SHV/CTX, 4 (23.5%) for the three (3) genes and 2 (11.8%) did not possess any of the genes. Several factors have been traced to be a contributing factor to antibiotic resistance such as drug abuse, poor diagnosis, poor treatment of ailments, poverty, intake of fake and expired drugs, among others hence the need for need for public awareness on the dangers associated with abuse and intake of fake or expired of antibiotics. Most importantly the governments’ provision of primary health care centers where patients can have easier access to health care workers is encouraged. The study underlined the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among humans, hence the need to adopt quicker and more effective measures to combat them.