Browsing by Author "Kamalu, C. I. O."
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Item Open Access Curve-fitting of bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by co-composting using roost manure(EverScience Publications, 2016) Kamalu, C. I. O.; Nwakaudu, A. A.; Onyelucheya, O. E.; Uzondu, F. N.; Kamen, F. L.; Nwakaudu, M. S.; Obijiaku, J. C.In this work, ten polluted sites with oil were obtained from Niger Delta, mixed homogenously with compost manure and sent to FUGRO International Laboratory Port Harcourt Nigeria, for bioremediation experiments and analyses. The 4800g sample was divided into twelve (12) equal parts of 400g for bioremediation; 6 parts for the experiments and 6 parts for the control. Particular ringed PAH was isolatedly tested for bioremediation for each of the five ringed PAHs (1 to 5 rings) and the 800g sample was used for respiration test of compost incubation. It was found that the efficiency of bioremediation increased from one to three rings and decreased exponentially for the rest of the rings, showing that bioremediation is not effective for higher ring PAHs. It was also found that bioremediation yields best (optimum) result between two and three ringed PAHs. The respiration of the compost microorganisms improved during incubation by more than two-third i.e 67.7%. The result of this work can be used in bioremediation studies when trying to isolate or choose a particular ringed PAHs for such bioremediation jobs.Item Open Access Modeling the kinetics of photosynthetic chemistry(U. P., 2015-11) Kamalu, C. I. O.; Nwakaudu, M. S.; Obijiaku, J. C.; Okwara, C. A.; Kamen, F. L.; Uzondu, F. N.; Osoka, E. C.In this work, the chemical kinetics of photosynthesis was extensively explored. Kinetic models were established. Existing data from the internet were used for the validation of the models. It was observed that the models are real and natural as they follow the growth profile nature of photosynthetic release, together with the uptake of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively. The models actually conform to what was found in literature. Therefore photosynthetic activities could be studied using natural growth models, in conjunction with the specificities of photosynthetic phenomena. This work can be employed in the growth study of plants in agriculture, carbon cycle, and perhaps ozone layer depletion or carbon sequestration.Item Open Access Prediction and analysis of variable parameters of some established models in batch beer fermentation(U. P., 2019) Kamalu, C. I. O.; Onuoha, O. E.; Uzondu, F. N.; Effiong, E. E.; Obibuenyi, I. J.; Onyelucheya, O. E.Abstract:In this work, established models of renowned scholars in fermentation technology are analytically solved. Fermentation experiments were also performed on the production of ethanol and biomass from substrate (grain i.e. malted barley) with time and used to validate the analytical solutions of the scholarly models. The result shows that the models were real and true to life as they gave coefficient of correlation of 99.63%. It is also observed that during this fermentation, there was serious interaction between substrate concentration and ethanol concentration, substrate concentration and biomass concentration. From this model, it was found that the yield of ethanol (product) was 79.34%, yield of biomass was 43.8%, initial ethanol before fermentation was 1.45g/lit. Substrate at the beginning, S0= 8.114g/lit. and initial biomass X0 was 0.8098g/lit. This result can be applied in fermentation planning in any brewing company of research centers to predict variation of certain parameters.Item Open Access Studies on optimal conditions for the preservation of ‘Zobo’ drink(Vandana Publications, 2015-11) Ekeke, I. C.; Nkwocha, A. C.; Kamen, F. L.; Kamalu, C. I. O.; Uzondu, F. N.The study was carried out to determine the combination of preservation techniques (hurdles) that can best extend the shelf life of Zobo drink. Zobo drink was prepared from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Two types of spices - Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Caryophillus oromatics (cloves) were prepared and added in the following proportions 150g: 20g; 150g:10g; 100g:20g; and 100g:10g respectively, to 400ml of zobo drink. Samples of the drink were pasteurized at two different temperatures 167 C for 5min and 72 C for 6 min. All the samples were stored at ambient temperature (30 ± 20) for 9 days. Microbial analysis was performed on the samples every 2 days. The various combinations of the spices alone could not preserve the drink beyond 2 days, but, when coupled with pasteurization, the shelf life was extended. A combination of ginger (150g) and cloves (20g) was found to be more effective, and when in conjunction with pasteurization, kept the drink in sterile condition for 3 days, and extended the shelf life to 5 days