Browsing by Author "Ikoro, N. C."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Accomodation lag among corrected myopes and emmetropes: A comparative study
    (IJRSFP, 2018-12-28) Azuamah, Y. C.; Kalakeya, L. C.; Esenwah, E. C.; Ikoro, N. C.; Megwas, A. U.; Azuamah, E. C.
    Accommodation lag is the amount by which the accommodative response of the eye is less than the dioptric stimulus to accommodation. This study was carried out at the Optometry Teaching Clinic, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria to compare the accommodation lag of corrected myopes and emmetropes. A total of 68 subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 and a mean age of 23.15±2.85 were used for this study. The accommodation lag was determined by taking the difference between the static and dynamic retinoscopic findings of each subject. Results obtained showed that 18(26.47%) myopes recorded a value of between -0.25DS and -1.00DS for both static and dynamic retinoscopy. For a finding of -1.25DS to -2.00DS, there were 7(10.29%) and 8(11.76%) myopes for static and dynamic retinoscopy respectively. The distribution of retinoscopic findings among emmetropes showed that 17(25%) and 7(10.30%) emmetropes recorded a value of between plano and -0.25DS for static and dynamic retinoscopy respectively. For a finding of +0.25DS to +0.50DS, there were 16(23.53%) and 20(29.41%) emmetropes for static and dynamic retinoscopy respectively. The mean value for accommodation lag among the myopes was 0.35±0.24D. For the emmetropes, the mean accommodation lag was 0.24±0.27D. Data analysis with SPSS version 21 using the Independent Sample T test revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in accommodation lag between the corrected myopes and the emmetropes used in this study. Myopes were advised to always put on their prescription glasses to ensure an improvement of their accommodative response.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Comparative analysis of the antibacterial effects of emilia sonchifolia (tassel flower) and selected antibiotics on ocular bacteria, in vitro
    (U. P., 2021) Ugwoke, G. I.; Ikoro, N. C.; Esenwah, E. C.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Megwas, A. U.; Nwakamma, G. I.; Ibe, C. N.; Ogbonna, U. C.; Umunnakwe, O. L.
    Developments of bacterial resistance to available antibiotics have necessitated the screening of medicinal plants for bioactive compounds which is gaining increasing popularity in the world. Emilia sonchifolia (Emilia s.) is a multipurpose plant that has exhibited antimicrobial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of Emilia s. (tassel flower) extracts were compared with selected antibiotics against ocular bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of the plant in Ethanol, Methanol and Aqueous solvents showed the presence of Saponin, Tannin, Flavonoid, Phenol, Alkaloid, Steroid and Glycoside in all the extracts but Flavonoid was not present in the Aqueous extract. Bacteria used were isolated from the eyes of infected patients that visited the Federal University of Technology, Optometry Teaching Clinic and St Joseph’s Eye Hospital Mgbirichi all in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria and were identified and characterized macroscopically using standard laboratory methods. Diameter of zones of inhibition was measured for the different extracts of tassel flower and selected antibiotics. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using Paired T-test and one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval and at a 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the isolates with mean diameter of inhibition zone 13.33±2.89, 9.33±1.16 and 7.67±2.52 respectively. Their effect on the isolates was significant with p(0.01) <0.05 while that of the antibiotics were 12.00±3.46 for gentamicin, 17.00±10.58 for ofloxacin and 5.00±0.00 for erythromycin. A Comparison of the effects of Emilia s. and antibiotics on the bacterial isolates using one-way ANOVA showed the effects of Emilia s. does not differ significantly from the antibiotics as p(0.58) >0.05. This shows that Emilia sonchifolia could become a promising natural antibacterial agent with potential application in pharmaceutical industries for the production of plantbased ocular drugs.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Comparison of the effect of topical 0.5% timolol maleate and 4% pilocarpine on the ocular tear film pH of patients with primary open angle glaucoma
    (U. P., 2019) Azuamah, Y. C.; Esenwah, E. C.; Ikoro, N. C.; Megwas, A. U.; Ugwuoke, G. I.; Ogbonna, U.
    The pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. This study was carried out to compare the effect of 0.5% timolol maleate and 4% pilocarpine eye drops on the ocular tear film pH of subjects with primary open angle glaucoma. The study was a clinical study carried out at the Optometry Teaching Clinic, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. The subjects were divided into two groups of 84 subjects each. The ocular tear film pH was measured using sterile pH strips. The base line tear film pH was taken first. The first group was administered with one drop of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drop and the ocular tear film pH was measured again after 4 hours and after 24 hours. The second group was administered with one drop 4% pilocarpine eye drop and the ocular tear film pH was measured after 4 hours and after 24 hours. Results showed the mean pH values before administration with timolol eye drop was 6.94±0.48 in group one and 6.98±0.51 before administration of pilocarpine in group two. After 4 hours, the mean pH was 7.02±0.29 among subjects administered with timolol and 6.14±0.57 among subjects administered with pilocarpine. After 24 hours, the mean pH was 6.97±0.46 among subjects administered with timolol and 6.95±0.48 among subjects administered with pilocarpine. SPSS statistical analysis using the Paired Sample T test at 0.05 level of significance showed there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in ocular tear film pH after 4 hours of administration among subjects administered with 0.5% timolol maleate eye drop and subjects administered with 4% pilocarpine eye drop. After 24 hours of administration, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the ocular tear film pH. Timolol eye drop (0.5%) was found to be safer with regards to changes in the ocular tear film pH.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Socio-economic factors associated with ocular problem among auto-mechanics in Southeast Nigeria
    (U. P., 2017) Esenwah, E. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, B. E. B.; Azuamah, Y. C; DanielNwosu, E. M; Ikoro, N. C.; Akpalaba, R. E.
    This study was carried out to determine the socio-economic factors affecting auto-mechanics and how they relate to the ocular problems seen among them in Southeast Nigeria. Six hundred subjects all of whom were males were used for this study. The ages ranged from 11years to 66years, with a mean age of 36.08 ± 11.4. Results showed that 39.8% of the auto-mechanics had primary education, 43% had secondary/vocational education while 17.2% were unable to complete either their primary or secondary/vocational education. 16.7% of the subjects made a profit of less than N1000 per week while none of the subjects made profit higher than N3000. The major ocular problems seen among the subjects were conjunctivitis (27.67%), foreign bodies (11.5%) and pterygium (7.0%). We concluded that there is high level of risk of ocular problems facing the auto-mechanics which is related to their unfavorable socio-economic condition that increase their susceptibility to diseases.