Browsing by Author "Ibe, M. N."
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Item Open Access Effects of crop farmers/pastoralists conflicts on sustainable livelihood assets and strategies of displaced farmers in Imo State, Nigeria(2019-05-17) Ogueri, E. I.; Chikaire, J. U.; Ibe, M. N.; Ajaero, J. O.One of the effects of crop farmers/pastoralists conflicts is displacement of the farming population the world over, Nigeria not exceptional. This work investigates the effects of conflicts on livelihood strategies and assets of displaced farmers in Imo state. A total of 300 crop farmers was selected randomly from the affected communities. Questionnaire complimented with oral discussion were used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation presented in tables. Results showed that major livelihood strategies of the crop farmers were farming with 100 percent response, followed by wage labour (94.6%), sales of wild fruits (70%) and migration of work labour outside the community (73.3%). Conflicts affect livelihood strategies by restriction of movement which prevents farmers from moving and risks to personal safety (72.3%). Conflicts affect all the five livelihood assets beginning with the social assets by its disruption of community life (M=2.79), collapse of local authority (M=3.40), disruption of family goals/life (M=2.50) among others. On the human assets, conflicts leads to death of laborers /farmer workers (M=3.32), sexual harassment (M=2.56), separation of family members (M=2.45). The physical assets affected included disruption of health services and infrastructures, closure of schools, looting of possessions among others, while the financial and natural assets affected included destruction of crops and animals, market closure, destruction of water wells, contamination of water, and low abandoned and limited asset to farmItem Open Access Pastoralists’ perception of resource-use conflicts as a challenge to livestock development and animal agriculture in Southeast, Nigeria(2019) Chikaire, J. U.; Ajaero, J. O.; Ibe, M. N.; Odoemenam, E. F.One of the major but hidden challenges to livestock development and animal agriculture in the world over is resource-use conflicts between crop farmers, pastoralists, and other land users. This is so because during conflict situation, almost all human livelihood activities come to a standstill including livestock farming. This study, therefore, sought to examine how conflicts involving different land users hinder livestock production. Questionnaire and oral interview were used to obtain information from a total of 120 pastoralists in three selected states of Southeast (Abia, Enugu, and Imo). Data were analyzed using percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The results showed that the mean age of pastoralists was 38, and the mean household size was 10, mean herding experience was 18. The following were the causes of resource-use conflicts – blocking of water sources by crop farmers with a mean (M) response of 3.30, farming across cattle routes (M=2.95), burning of fields (M=3.30), and theft/stealing of cattle (M=3.40), among others. The factors attracting the pastoralists to the study area were availability of special pasture (M=2.37), availability of land for lease (M=2.52), and water availability (M=2.60) among other reasons. Conflicts, therefore, affect livestock production in the following ways – unsafe field for grazing, poor animal health, loss of human and animal lives, abandonment of herds for dear life, and many others.Item Open Access Status of institutional arrangements for managing resource use conflicts among crop farmers and pastoralists in Imo State, Nigeria(Juniper Publishers, 2018-12-10) Chikaire, J. U.; Ajaero, J. O.; Ibe, M. N.; Orusha, J. O.; Onogu, B.This study ascertained the institutions put in place to manage conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists in Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study aimed to achieve the following objectives; to identify the institutions saddled with the responsibility of managing conflicts in the study area; determine strategies used by the institutions in managing conflicts in the area; and to ascertain factors hindering the management of conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists. Data were collected with structured questionnaire, complimented with observation and oral interview from 300 crop farmers and 40 nomads. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean and standard deviations. The results showed that traditional rulers (M=2.90 for crop farmers and 2.37 for pastoralists), town unions/Miyetti-Allah (M=2.11 crop farmers and M=2.52 for the pastoralists) were efficient in managing conflicts. The strategies employed in resolving conflicts include setting up of community committees for peaceful resolution of conflict issues and use of dialogue, accommodation of the other party. On and off nature of the pastoralists, lack of fund, corruption, distrust were factors that work against conflict resolution. The government should give the institutions mentioned earlier more powers in handling conflict issues and locate the nomads permanently at a place.Item Open Access Women farmers preferred communal land conflict management and resolution strategies in Abia State, Nigeria(OMSP International, 2019-05-17) Ogueri, E. I.; Chikaire, J. U.; Ajaero, J. O.; Ibe, M. N.Communal land conflicts affect have become common in Nigeria among different users of land especially farmers. This study examined women farmers’ preferred land conflict management and resolution strategies in Abia State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to identify the perceived causes of communal land conflicts; determine the preferred institutions for resolving land conflicts; examine the perceived effects of communal land conflicts; identify the respondents’ preferred conflict resolution strategies used; and the reasons for preference of the strategies used. Data were collected using questionnaire and oral interview and analyzed with mean and standard deviation. Results showed that claim of ownership with mean (M) value of 2.70, indiscriminate grazing by animals (M=2.60), population pressure (M=2.54), contested boundary (M=2.51) were major causes of land conflicts. The institution preferred for conflict resolutions were amala (M=2.53), umuada (M=2.93), town unions/age grade (M=2.48) and agbara (dieties) (M=2.74). Conflict leads to low productivity (M=2.37), loss of lives and property (M=2.64). The women prefer mediation, reconciliation, compromise and accommodation for resolving conflicts and the reason being that problems are solved one at a time, leads to a win-win situation, lowers level of tension, creation of goodwill among others.