Browsing by Author "Amadi, A. N."
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access An investigation into the relationship between sanitation practices and water-borne enteric diseases in Ihechiowa Community, Arochukwu, Southeastern Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Okereke, E. E.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Iro, O. K.; Obasi, K. O.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Iwuoha, G. N.; Igwe, C. N.; Amadi, A. N.Universal, affordable and sustainable access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a key public health issue. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between sanitation practices and occurrence of water-borne enteric diseases among residents in Ihechiowa community, Arochukwu L.G.A., Southeastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study to investigate the sanitation practices and occurrence of water-borne enteric diseases in Ihechiowa community, Arochukwu, Southeastern, Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was adopted to select samples for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects and obtain data for the study. Data was uploaded into the SPSS version 23 software and the Chi-square was used to test for association at 5% level of significance. All subjects used for this study gave an informed consent to be part of the study. A total of 242 subjects were used for this study. The waterborne enteric diseases identified among the respondents in the study area include diarrhoea (20.4%), typhoid fever (50.0%), dysentery (1.4%) and cholera (28.2%). There was a significant relationship [P (0.015) < 0.05] with the type of latrine used and the presence of water-borne enteric diseases. There was also a significant relationship [P (0.001) < 0.05] with the material used for anal cleansing and the presence of water-borne enteric diseases. Further investigations revealed that hand washing after toilet use had a significant relationship [P (0.015) < 0.05] with the presence of water-borne enteric diseases. In conclusion, sanitation practices were found to be associated with water-borne enteric diseases. Health promotion and awareness campaigns on water, sanitation and hygiene were recommendedItem Open Access Anal cleansing and excreta disposal practices among young adults in Southeastern Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Igwe, C. N.; Amadi, A. N.; Onwuzulike, N. M.; Ozims, S. J.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Achigbu, K. I.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Okereke, E. E.Proper anal cleansing and excreta disposal practice is important in maintaining good sanitation and hygiene. The objective of this study was to investigate the anal cleansing and excreta disposal practices of young adults in tertiary institutions located in Southeastern Nigeria. A total of 1100 young adults comprising 430 (39.09%) males and 670 (60.91%) females participated in the study. Results showed that out of the 650 respondents in Universities, 407 representing 62.62% used tissue paper only for anal cleansing after defecation, 162 (24.92%) used water only, while 81 (12.46%) used water and soap for anal cleansing. Out of the 210 respondents in polytechnics/Monotechnic, 138 representing 65.71% used tissue paper only for anal cleansing after defecation, 44 (20.95%) used water only while 28 (13.34%) of used water and soap for anal cleansing. Results also showed that out of the 240 young adults in Colleges of Education, 155 representing 64.58% used tissue paper only in their anal cleansing practice, 39 (16.25%) used water only, while 46 (19.16%) of the young adults used water and soap for anal cleansing after defecation. The use of toilet facility was most practiced among young adults in Southeastern Nigeria. Data analysis using the one way ANOVA for testing the significance of the difference in the excreta disposal practices among young adults in tertiary institution of Southeastern Nigeria at 5% level of significance showed that the excreta disposal practices among the young adults was significantly different among the institutions (P<0.05).Adequate toilet facilities with running water in every tertiary institution were recommended.Item Open Access Association of erectile dysfunction with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Rivers State, Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Okey-Ewurum, I. G.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, E. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Ibe, S. N. O.; Iwuoha, G.; Azuamah, Y. C.Most men experience erectile dysfunction and this condition can be associated with various health problems. This study was carried out to investigate the association of erectile dysfunction with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among men above 20 years in Rivers State, Nigeria. The multi stage sampling technique was used to select 330 men across the city. Blood pressure of the subjects was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer and a glucometer was used to measure the blood glucose level. Results showed that were 115 subjects with hypertension, out of which 94 (81.7%) had ED. Among subjects of 21-30 years, no subject had ED; for 31-40 years, 3 (37.5%) out of 8 had ED; for 41-50 years, 12 (70.6%) out 17 had ED; for 51-60 years, 22 (84.6%) out of 26 had ED; for 61-70 years, 28 (87.5%) out of 32 had ED; for above 70 years, 29 (90.6%) out of 32 had ED. Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chisquare test at 0.05 level of significance showed a significant association of ED with systemic hypertension (P<0.05). Results also showed that there were 91 subjects with diabetes mellitus, out of which 77 (44.6%) had ED. Among subjects of 21-30 years, 1 (50.0%) out of 2 had ED; for 31-40 years, 6 (75.0%) out of 8 had ED; for 41-50 years, 14 (87.5%) out 16 had ED; for 51-60 years, 22 (95.7%) out of 23 had ED; for 61-70 years, 15 (78.9%) out of 19 had ED; for above 70 years, 19 (82.6%) out of 23 had ED. There was a correlation of erectile dysfunction with both systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance showed that the association of ED with systemic hypertension was significant with increasing age (P<0.05) but not with increasing age of people with diabetes mellitus (P>0.05). It was recommended that physicians counsel their patients with systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the possible association with erectile dysfunction.Item Open Access Co-occurrence of diabeties mellitus and hypertension in some rural communities of Southeast Nigeria(U. P., 2011) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Esenwah, E. C; Azuamah, E. C.; Iloh, J. U.Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases that coexist at a greater frequency than chance alone would predict. This study was conducted on subjects living in rural communities in Southeast Nigeria namely Nkwebi, Elu, Okagwe Ohafia in Abia State and Ezeala Owerre, Umueze, Umunakanu, Umunumo, Umualumaku in Imo State. The objective of the study was to assess the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. A total of 446 subjects were examined, 186 (41.7%) males and 260 (58.3%) females. All the subjects were above 20 years with a mean age of 58.7 years. Out of 446 subjects studied, 93 subjects had diabetes mellitus, 53 (57%) males and 40 (43%) females. The record also revealed that 254 subjects comprising of 111 males and 143 females had arterial hypertension with a mean blood pressure of 184/113mmHg and 172/102mmHg respectively. Among these subjects, 43 had both diabetes mellitus and hypertension, 26 (60.5%) males and 17 (39.5%) females. From the results obtained, out of the 93 subjects with diabetes mellitus, 43 of them making 46.2% had hypertension. We concluded that there was a close co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Item Open Access Co-occurrence of systemic hypertension and glaucoma in Southeast Nigeria(U. P., 2015) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Esenwah, E. C.; Agu, G. C.; Okorie, M. E.The co-occurrence of systemic hypertension and glaucoma was investigated in rural communities of southeast Nigeria. Four hundred and forty six subjects were examined of which 186 (41.7%) were males and 260 (58.3%) were females. Three hundred and forty of the subjects had either hypertension, glaucoma or both. From this number, 183 (53.82%) subjects had hypertension, 157 (46.18%) had glaucoma and 106 (31.17%) had both hypertension and glaucoma. Among the subjects with hypertension, 46.99% were males and 53.01% were females. For the subjects with glaucoma,there were 42.04 % males and 57.96% females. For the subjects who had both hypertension and glaucoma, 44.34% were males and 55.66% were females. Proper awareness and health education campaigns toward mitigating the impact of hypertension and glaucoma was recommended.Item Open Access Color coding of solid health care waste in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria(U. P., 2019) Akingbehin, S. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Iro, O. K.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.Color coding ensures identification of the hazards associated with the type of health care waste that is handled or treated. The objective of this study was to investigate the compliance of health care facilities in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria to the color coding system of waste segregation. A harmonized checklist and a well-structured questionnaire were used to obtain data from the health care facilities and their workers. A total of 507 workers in 16 health care facilities were interviewed in this study. Results showed that for the color identification of sharps, 472 (93.10%) respondents said black; brown was 26 (5.13%); yellow, 10 (1.97%). For pathological wastes, black was 470 (92.70%); brown, 28 (5.52%); yellow, 6 (1.18%). For radioactive wastes, black was 475 (93.69%); brown, 5 (0.99%); yellow, 35 (6.90%). For chemical wastes, black was 483 (95.27%); brown, 20 (3.94%); yellow, 5 (0.99%). For infectious wastes, black was 461 (90.93%); brown, 32 (6.31%); yellow, 15 (2.96%). For pharmaceutical wastes, black was 467 (92.11%); brown, 36 (7.10%); yellow, 10 (1.97%). In conclusion, the health care facilities in Lagos did not adhere to the proper color coding for segregation of solid health care waste. It was recommended that awareness programs be organized for health care workers so that they will be familiar with the color coding system and abide by it.Item Open Access Diabetes mellitus and some of its effect on the eyes among adults of rural communities at Ohafia LGA of Abia State Nigeria(U. P., 2011) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Amadi, C. O. A.This study was carried out on adults at Ohafia Local Government of Abia State in Nigeria to determine the presence of ocular effects that resulted from diabetes mellitus. This study was a field based study in which subjects were made to assemble at a health center and the examinations and tests carried out. Out of the 213 subjects examined and tested, 48 of them (27 males and 21 females) were found to have a history of diabetes mellitus. The presence of ocular effects of diabetes on these subjects showed that 31.25% of the subjects (33.3% of the males and 28.6% of the females) had diabetic cataract. Diabetic retinopathy was found on 6.25% of the subjects (0% of the males and 14.3% of the females). Also 6.25% of the subjects showed diabetic macular edema, 0% were males and 14.3% were females. Diabetic papillopathy was found in 31.25% of the subjects out of which 22.2% were males and 42.8% were females. 37.5% of the diabetic subjects were found to have glaucoma, 22.2% of them were males and 57.1% of them were females. One or a combination of these ocular effects of diabetes was seen on some subjects. Data analysis with the SPSS statistics software using the T test showed that there was no significant difference between the male and female subjects to the ocular effects of diabetes mellitus.Item Open Access Menstrual hygiene management practices among undergraduates of Imo State, Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Igwe, C. N.; Amadi, A. N.; Onwuzulike, N. M.; Ozims, S. J.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Achigbu, K. I.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Okereke, E. E.Ensuring proper hygiene during menses is very crucial to the dignity of girls and women. This study was carried out to investigate the menstrual hygiene management practices among undergraduate female students in tertiary institutions of Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. This study was a cross-sectional study of tertiary institutions located in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. Six hundred and seventy female undergraduates between 16 and 28 years from six tertiary institutions were interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire. Results showed that on absorbents use among University students, 20 representing 5.71% very often used reusable cloth/towel, 12(3.43%) very often used tampon, 264 representing 75.43% very often used disposable sanitary pad, 0(0.00%) very often used menstrual cup, while 20 representing 5.71% very often used toilet paper/tissue. Among Polytechnics/Monotechnic students, absorbent mostly used by female students was disposable sanitary pad, the most common frequency of change of absorbent was twice a day. The results on the rate of use of absorbents was 10 representing 7.14% very often used reusable cloth/towel, 4(2.86%) very often used tampon, 78 representing 55.71% very often used disposable sanitary pad, 0(0.00%) very often used menstrual cup, while 8 representing 5.71% very often used toilet paper/tissue. On the rate of using absorbents among Colleges of education students, 14 representing 7.78% very often used reusable cloth/towel, 19(10.56%) very often use tampon, 112 representing 62.22% very often using absorbents among Colleges of education students, 14 representing 7.78% very often used reusable cloth/towel, 19(10.56%) very often use tampon, 112 representing 62.22% very often used disposable sanitary pad, 0(0.00%) very often used menstrual cup, while 8 representing 4.44% very often used toilet paper/tissue. While there was a poor level of menstrual hygiene management practices among the students, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the menstrual hygiene management practices among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Imo State. Proper menstrual hygiene education was recommended for all young girls in tertiary institutions.Item Open Access Socio-demographic factors associated with erectile dysfunction among men in Port-Harcourt, Southern Nigeria(U. P., 2020) Okey-Ewurum, I. G.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, E. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Ibe, S. N. O.; Iwuoha, G.; Azuamah, Y. C.Erectile dysfunction is a health problem that involves the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection. The objective of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic factors associated with erectile dysfunction among men. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Port-Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. The multi stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents and an informed consent was obtained from all the participants. A well-structured questionnaire was given to each respondent to fill out. A total of 330 males with a mean age of 48±2.3 participated in the study. Results showed that 210 (63.64%) respondents reported erectile dysfunction. The distribution of erectile dysfunction according to age was 21-30, 13(3.94%); 31-40, 19 (5.76%); 41-50, 37 (11.20%); 51-60, 48 (14.55%); 61-70, 45 (13.64%); and above 70, 48 (14.55%). The employment status of the respondents was 9 (2.73%) respondents who were peasants; civil servants were 12 (3.64%); private sector, 44 (13.33%); self-employed, 106 (32.12%); others were 39 (11.82%). Data analysis with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 using the chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance showed that erectile dysfunction was significantly associated with age (P<0.05), education level (P<0.05), and employment status (P<0.05). In conclusion, majority of the respondents reported that they have erectile dysfunction. Age, educational level and employment status were all found to have a significant association with erectile dysfunction. Health education and public enlightenment was recommended to educate men on erectile dysfunction and its risk factors.Item Open Access Socio-economic factors associated with ocular problem among auto-mechanics in Southeast Nigeria(U. P., 2017) Esenwah, E. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Nwoke, B. E. B.; Azuamah, Y. C; DanielNwosu, E. M; Ikoro, N. C.; Akpalaba, R. E.This study was carried out to determine the socio-economic factors affecting auto-mechanics and how they relate to the ocular problems seen among them in Southeast Nigeria. Six hundred subjects all of whom were males were used for this study. The ages ranged from 11years to 66years, with a mean age of 36.08 ± 11.4. Results showed that 39.8% of the auto-mechanics had primary education, 43% had secondary/vocational education while 17.2% were unable to complete either their primary or secondary/vocational education. 16.7% of the subjects made a profit of less than N1000 per week while none of the subjects made profit higher than N3000. The major ocular problems seen among the subjects were conjunctivitis (27.67%), foreign bodies (11.5%) and pterygium (7.0%). We concluded that there is high level of risk of ocular problems facing the auto-mechanics which is related to their unfavorable socio-economic condition that increase their susceptibility to diseases.Item Open Access Solid medical waste treatment methods by health care facilities in Abia State, Nigeria(U. P., 2019-12) Akingbehin, S. A.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Iro, O. K.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.Medical wastes include sharps, pathological wastes, chemical wastes, infective wastes, pharmaceutical wastes and radioactive wastes. This study was carried out to determine the solid medical waste treatment methods by health care facilities in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. A harmonized checklist and a well-structured questionnaire were used to obtain data from 15 health care facilities and 552 workers. All the respondents gave an informed consent to be part of the study. Results of the study showed that for the treatment of sharps, shedding was indicated by 122 (22.10%) respondents; autoclaving, 200 (36.23%); incineration, 282 (51.09%); thermal inactivation, 28 (5.07%); chemical disinfection, 50 (9.06%); no treatment, 218 (39.49%). For pathological waste, shedding was indicated by 190 (34.42%) respondents; autoclaving, 12 (2.17%); incineration, 115 (20.83%); thermal inactivation, 135 (24.46%); chemical disinfection, 170 (30.80%); no treatment, 278 (50.36%). For treatment of radioactive waste, shedding was indicated by 10 (1.81%) respondents; autoclaving, 47 (8.51%); incineration, 35 (6.34%); thermal inactivation, 53 (9.60%); chemical disinfection, 193 (34.96%); no treatment, 214 (38.77%). For treatment of chemical waste, shedding was indicated by 93 (16.85%) respondents; autoclaving, 132 (23.91%); incineration, 27 (4.89%); thermal inactivation, 81 (14.67%); chemical disinfection, 194 (35.14%); no treatment, 106 (19.20%). For infectious waste, shedding was indicated by 72 (13.04%) respondents; autoclaving, 131 (23.73%); incineration, 42 (7.61%); thermal inactivation, 173 (31.34%); chemical disinfection, 245 (44.38%); no treatment, 34 (6.16%). For pharmaceutical waste, shedding was indicated by 111 (20.11%) respondents; autoclaving, 159 (28.80%); incineration, 142 (25.72%); thermal inactivation, 82 (14.86%); chemical disinfection, 100 (18.12%); no treatment, 101 (18.30%)Item Open Access Visual acuity and imparment among hypertensive adults in Okagwe Ohafia, Abia State, Nigeria(U. P., 2011) Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Esenwah, E.; Amadi, C. O. A.; Azuamah, E. C.The objective of this study is to determine the level of reduction in visual acuity and visual impairment arising from ocular diseases among adults with hypertension. A community based study was conducted in a rural community in Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 213 subjects were screened for ocular diseases and impairments. Eighty seven (40.8%) males and 126 (59.2%) females were used for the study. The demographic data of the participants were taken. Furthermore, the arterial blood pressure was measured using the KODEA electronic sphygmomanometer. The case history of those who participated in the study, the visual acuity and other ocular examinations were taken. Out of the 213 subjects used for this study, 117 subjects had high blood pressure comprising of 54 (46.2%) males and 63 (53.8%) females. The visual acuity of both right and left eyes of the subjects with hypertension revealed a poor or absent visual acuity of 6/60 or less was seen in 58% of the male subjects and 53.9% of the female subjects. The major causes of visual impairment in this population were attributed to cataract and glaucoma which was present in 37.6% and 32.8% of the subjects respectively. Other associated factors of visual impairment recorded were hypertensive retinopathy, optic neuropathy, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.Item Open Access Water sanitation practices in Obowo, SouthEastern Nigeria(U. P., 2014) Osuji, I. E.; Azuamah, Y. C.; Amadi, A. N.; Esenwah, E. C.; Agu, G. C.; Nwala, O. R.This study was carried out to determine the level of water sanitation practices among residents in Obowo, Nigeria. A total of 360 respondents were interviewed for this study. Results showed that 90.8% of the respondents use boiling as their method of water purification. 42.8% always boil their water before drinking, 50.3% do not always boil their water before drinking. Water containers were the main source of water storage reported by 78.6% of the residents. Majority (54.7%) of them reported that they only wash their water storage facilities when dirt accumulates on them. Bore-hole water was the major source of water supply reported by 52.6% of the respondents followed by rain water (30.8%). Hand washing before eating with soap and water was reported by 24.7% while 75.3% washed their hands with water alone. Also 76.4% reported that they always washed their hands with soap and water after using the toilet while 23.6% washed their hands but not always. On waste disposal, 57.2% used improved water system for excreta disposal and 47.8% disposed their domestic waste by using them in their farms. Health education programs that will reach all parts of the rural areas on water sanitation were recommended to prevent the occurrence of water-borne diseases.