Browsing by Author "Alisa, Christopher O."

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    Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Okoubaka aubrevillei (Anunuebe) fruit pychnobotrya nitida (Osu) leaf extracts
    (David Publishing, 2022) Alisa, Christopher O.; Okoye, Edith N.; Okeke, Peter C.; Anyadogh-Nwadike, Sylvia O.; Agwaramgbo, Lovell; Doyle, Jailen
    The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of Okoubaka aubrevillei (Anunuebe) and Pychnobotrya nitida (Osu) plant extracts were investigated in this study to justify their ethno medicinal importance. The antioxidant activity of crude extracts of both plants was investigated using the scavenging effect on DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl Radical) assay, while the total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. When compared to standard drug vitamin C at various concentrations, both extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity that increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The high positive linear correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content suggests that the antioxidant capacity of both plants can be largely attributed to their phenolic compounds. Based on these findings, O. aubrevillei fruit and P. nitida leaf could be potential natural antioxidant sources for preventing free radical-induced diseases.
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    Examining adsorbent charge effect on metal removal from contaminated water
    (David Publishing, 2022) Agwaramgbo, Lovell; Alisa, Christopher O.; Doyle, Jailen
    Heavy metal contaminated water sources can cause serious health problems for humans, animals, and plants. Heavy metals can lead to the decrease or loss of liver, kidney, and brain function. Objective: The aim of this research is to examine the effect of charge on adsorbents in the removal of metal cations. Study Design & Methods: Standard solutions of Ca, Cu, Pb, and Zn with concentrations of 1,000 ppm were treated with sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate with various charges. Then, the solutions were placed on a shaker for 24 h, centrifuged, and the supernatant was analyzed using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). Results: The order of average metal removal by sodium phosphates is: dibasic (99.3%) > monobasic (96.5%) > tribasic (95.4%). The average metal removal by sodium carbonate and bicarbonate is 98.5% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusion: The adsorbent removability depends on the relationship between the charge present on the metal and the charge on the adsorbent. Thus, metal cations in this study with a +2 charge had a greater affinity for the adsorbent with -2 charged ligands, dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium carbonate.
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    Histopathological studies on the effects of chloroform and methanolic extracts of ilex kudingcha in trypanosoma brucei infected albino wistar rats
    (HATASO, USA, 2018) Soniran, Olajoju T.; Ngele, Kalu K.; Alisa, Christopher O.; Omoboyowa, Damilola A.; Agu, Nnabude H.
    Histopathological studies of the effects of chloroform and methanolic leaf extracts of Ilex kudingcha in Trypanosoma brucei infected albino wistar rats were investigated. The toxicity and phytochemical study were also carried out using standard protocol. T. brucei infected animals were administered orally with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extracts and 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of the standard drug (diminazene aceturate). Results on acute toxicity studies (LD50) revealed no sign of lethality up to the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight but the liver and kidney histology of infected animals treated with 5,000 mg/kg b.w. of I. kudingcha extracts were observed to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. The methanol extracts showed appreciably high in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities compared to the reference drug. Histological examination of the organs revealed serious pathological lesions in the liver of the infected animals without treatment (negative control). In the positive control animals (infected animals administered standard drug), mild multifocal aggregate of inflammatory leucocytes was observed. In the other experimental animals, no pathological lesion was observed in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of infected animals treated with the methanolic extract and combined methanol and chloroform extracts. The effectiveness of the methanolic extract at reducing the lesions caused by the parasite is the same compared with the standard drug. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed that methanol extract contained appreciable high levels of alkaloids, saponin, tannins, phenol, and glycoside while flavonoid was not detected.Hence, the curative properties of methanolic extract of I. kudingcha as observed in the organs indicate its anti-trypanosomal properties but it should be consumed at minimal doses.
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    Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Anunuebe (Okoubaka aubrevillei) fruit
    (ECRTD UK, 2022) Anyadoh-Nwadike, Sylvia O.; Alisa, Edith N.; Okeke, Peter C.; Alisa, Christopher O.
    The increase in the development and spread of resistance against antimicrobials in recent times have spurred a renewed interest in the study of medicinal plants as alternative sources of antimicrobial treatments that are effective, natural, less-toxic and affordable. Medicinal plants owe their activity to their phytochemical constituents, particularly, their secondary metabolites. This highlights the need to study these plants with the view to identify the phytochemicals that confer on them their unique medicinal properties. Although many plants have been extensively studied, there are still a number of plants that are used in the therapeutic treatment of ailment whose phytochemical constituents have not been determined. Of such plants is Anunuebe (O. aubrevillei), which is a medicinal plant that is commonly used among locals throughout its areas of distribution for the treatment of ailments. This study was therefore conducted to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Anunuebe fruit. The phytochemical parameters of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were assessed using standard procedures. Agar well diffusion method was used to ascertain antimicrobial activities of the different fractions – ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous and crude – of the extracts against four common human pathogenic microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (fungi). The qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the fruit. The antimicrobial test showed that although ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous and crude fractions of Anunuebe (O. aubrevillei) fruit extract had activity against at least one of the test organisms, the best activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction followed by the crude extract which had activity against all the test organisms. Candida albicans was susceptible to all the fractions, while E. coli was susceptible to only the ethyl acetate fraction. This study showed that the fruit extracts had broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activities that is dependent on the extraction solvent and concentration used. Furthermore, it can be effectively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microorganism that infect humans.
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    Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobiological activity studies of cobalt (Ii) and nickel (Ii) complexes derived from 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde using 2-thiosylaniline and 2-aminoaniline as co-schiff bases
    (U. P., 2021) Ezenweke, Linus Obi; Ojiako, Eugene Nonye; Esonwune, Anacletus Anayochukwu; Alisa, Christopher O.
    Four complexes CoScplx, CoNcplx, NiScplx and NiNcplx were synthesized from 2-hydroxynaphthalene -1carbaldehyde using 2-thiosylaniline and 2-aminoaniline as Co-Schiff bases. The physical and analytical data of the ligands and complexes such as Molecular weight, colour, melting point and percentage yield as well as molar conductivity and elemental composition were determined. The compounds were characterized using FTIR, UV-VIS and MS Analyzers. FT-IR results revealed loss of –OH bond noticed in the ligands at complexation due to deprotonation and utilization of phenolic OH in bond formation. The UV-VIS spectral data recorded more peaks with Schiff bases and complexes with 2-aminoaniline as a result of more chromophoric groups. The MS result determined m/z of the molecular ions and their fragments confirming the structure of synthesized compounds. The complexes demonstrated more antifungal and antibacterial activities more than the ligands hence can be incorporated into antibiotics drugs in future.