Browsing by Author "Adjeroh, L. A."

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    Prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV patients in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
    (Esxon, 2012-12-24) Mgbemena, I. C.; Ebe, T.; Adjeroh, L. A.; Mbakwe, O. L.
    One hundred (100) HIV seropositive patients were compared with thirty seronegative patients with respect to the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Stool samples were collected and examined for parasites using direct saline/lodine (wet mount preparation), formol-ether concentration method and Modified Acid Fast Stain (AFS), their HIV status was also confirmed with standard diagnostic kit by serological methods. 64% and 23.3% of HIV seropositive and seronegative patients respectively were found to have intestinal. Parasites identified included Gardia lambli, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Isospora belli, Hookworm and Entamoeba coli among which Entamoeba coli (34.4%) had the highest occurrence in the seropostive patients. Gardia lambli, Hookworms and Isospora belli were not observed in the seronegative patients. Infection was higher in younger age group (21 – 40 years). There was no significant difference in the degree of infection between male and female HIV seropositive patients (P≥0.05). Protozoan parasites (71.9%) had more prevalence than Helminth parasites (28.1%) in both HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. Results of this study recommend that HIV infection increases the risk of acquiring intestinal parasites. Therefore patients with HIV infection should be regularly examined with stool microscopy for early detection and treatment of parasitic infection so as to minimize the chances of these parasites adding to the complications associated HIV cases.
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    Sampling of adult mosquito using human bait method, spray-sheet method and the CDC light trap
    (Global Institute of Research & Education, 2015) Mgbemena, I. C.; Adjeroh, L. A.; Ebe, T.
    Mosquito sampling in the Alulu-Nike community in Enugu East Local Goverment Area of Enugu state was performed using the human bait method, the CDC-light trap method and the spray sheet collections. The CDC-Light trap placed outdoor and the Spray sheet collection spread with a residual deltamethrin formulation were compared with the Human landing catch in the five locations. A total of 275 mosquitoes were collected and identified and they comprised of the three mosquito genera: Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex, and seven species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes africanus, Aedes taylori, Aedes luteocephalus, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus). Specifically, the occurrence of the species encountered included Aedes aegypti 63, Aedes albopictus 29, Aedes taylori 2, Aedes africanus 33, Aedes luteocephalus19, Anopheles gambiae 27, and Culex quinquefasciatus 102 with means of 156.0 mosquitoes for human bait catch, 103.0 mosquitoes for Spray sheet method and 16.0 mosquitoes for the CDC-light trap method. Among the studied locations, Umuogbe showed the highest mosquito abundance (80.00) compared to other areas, Umuchuba also have more mosquito abundance (65.00) which was significantly different from that of Enugwu (54.00 mosquitoes) and Negbune (45.00 mosquitoes), the least mosquito populated area according to this research was Amabo which collected only (34.00) mosquitoes. The Human landing catch showed a more efficient and reliable collection for mosquitoes than others but for ethical reasons spray sheet method should be used as in carrying out surveillance in this community because it demonstrated a good correlation with the human landing catch. A standardized evaluation of more promising methods for capturing host-seeking mosquitoes should also be considered in this community.
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    Seasonal variation and relative abundance of drainage breeding mosquito species in Imo State, Nigeria
    (INNSPUB, 2012) Mgbemena, I. C.; Adjeroh, L. A.; Opara, F. N.; Ezeagwuna, D.; Ebe, T.
    An ecological study of drainage - breeding mosquito vectors was conducted in the three urban centers (Owerri, Orlu and Okigwe) of Imo State, Nigeria. Twelve drainage sites located around markets, residence, streams and hotels were selected in each urban centre. Dipping method of sampling was employed and a total of 8,820 mosquitoes comprising eight species namely; Aedes aegypti, Aedes vittatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tigripes, Culex horridus, Culex cinereus, Culex annuliorus and Anopheles gambiae were encountered; in Owerri and Orlu with Cx. cinereus being completely absent in Okigwe. Cx. quinquefasciatus was predominantly present in all drainage sites with the highest occurrence of (372.83) followed by Aedes aegypti (151.17), An .gambiae (78.75), Cx. tigripes (40.25) Ae. vittatus (35.00), Cx. horridus( 22.00), Cx.cinereus( 21.75), Cx. annuliorus (13.25). Of all sites sampled, market drainages had the highest abundance of mosquitoes which was significantly higher than (ANOVA, P 0.05) the residential, stream and hotel drainages. Residential drainages recorded second highest density followed by stream and hotel drainages had the least. The abundance of mosquitoes in Owerri (130.06) the State Capital was significantly higher (ANOVA, P 0.05) than in Orlu (93.44) and Okigwe (52.13). Result of the Pearson correlation (2 - tailed) analysis showed significant correlation between mosquito abundance and rainfall in the three urban centers of Imo State with highest abundance in June. This work has actually provided information on 8 species associated with drains in the State together with the seasonality of these arsenals. During dry months, Culex species were found to be dominant while in rains Aedes and Anopheles. Possibly, effective larviciding against these various species could be targeted in these months.