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Browsing Doctoral by Author "Aladi, Nnanyere Okwunna"
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Item Open Access Studies on dietary fermented mixture of cassava and palm kernel cake on carcass characteristics of broilers and pigs(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2016-03) Aladi, Nnanyere OkwunnaFive experiments were carried out to determine the effect of replacing maize with solid state fermented mixture of cassava root pulp and palm kernel cake on performance, carcass and meat quality of broiler chicks and pigs. First, 3 inoculation techniques were evaluated for their efficacy in solid state fermentation of the mixture namely; direct inoculation with Aspergillus niger, batch inoculation with previously inoculated samples, and spontaneous inoculation. In study 2, sundried spontaneously fermented samples (FEMCARPP) were used to replace maize in broiler chicks diets, whereas in study 3, the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler finishers fed diets containing wet or sundried FEMCARPP were compared to the controls (maize based diet) and another diet containing a mixture of cassava root meal and palm kernel cake (CSM-PKC mix) as replacement for maize. In study 4, FEMCARPP was used to replace maize in diet of weaner pig whereas study 5 evaluated the performance, carcass and meat quality of pigs fed diets in which maize was replaced FEMCARPP and CSMPKC mix. Results show that, all inoculation techniques were efficient in improving the physicochemical characteristics of the mixture for inclusion in poultry ration. Dustiness of cassava meals was completely removed, protein content increased significantly, while crude fibre levels reduced in treatments relative to the control. Broiler chicks fed sundried FERMCARPP had significantly (p<0.05) lower live weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost per kg weight gain than those fed the control diet. Carcass characteristics were similar (p>0.05) while meat quality of chicks fed diets containing FEMCARPP was better (p<0.05) than the control and CSM-PKC mix diets. Chicks fed wet FEMCARPP had lower live weight gains and feed intake (p<0.05). Their feed conversion ratio was similar (p>0.05) to the control but superior to chicks fed diets containing sundried FEMCARPP and CSM-PKC mix. Cost per kg weight gained was better among chicks fed FEMCARPP without sun drying. Pigs at both weaner (study 4) and grower-finisher (study 5) stages fed diets on FEMCARPP was high (p<0.05) in live weight, weight gain, lower feed intake, feed conversion ratio and lower cost per kg weight gained. No significant differences were found for carcass characteristics of pigs. Meat of pigs fed maize based diets was significantly (p<0.05) higher water holding capacity and cooking loss; but with lower tenderness score when compared to those fed FEMCARPP based diets. Both were tenderer than those fed CSM-PKC diet. It is therefore concluded that solid state fermentation of spontaneously inoculated mixture of cassava root pulp and palm kernel cake is an effective tool for improving the nutritive value of the mixture for use in poultry and pig diets. The product can be used without further drying to replace maize in poultry and swine diets without detrimental effects on production, health, and carcass and meat quality of broilers and pigs. Solid state fermentation of spontaneously inoculated mixture of cassava root pulp and palm kernel cake is therefore recommended for poultry and pig farmers for efficient productivities and profit.