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Recent Submissions
An improved direction finding system antenna using method of moment approach
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2019-12) Anaebo, Ogonna Frances
This study focuses on the Performance Improvement of a Direction Finding System Antenna Using Method of Moment (MoM) Approach. The work was developed to provide an approximate current distribution for a direction finding system antenna by employing the use of Method of Moment on an array of Yagi-uda antenna. The parameters of the experimental antenna were derived and analyzed using Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. The accurate current flowing through the radiating elements of the direction finding system was analyzed using combination of Method of Moment technique and Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. The antenna parameters were simulated using MatLab R2010a software tools. From the results obtained, the Average Poynting vector of the designed yagi antenna is 3.73 watt per square metre, and Radiation Intensity value of about 9.400 columns per kilogram. The simulation results also indicated an appreciable increase in directivity of 9.03dBi and enhanced directive gain compared to that of the equivalent log-periodic antenna of 6.5dBi, signifying 2.53dBi enhancement.
Factor associated with TB-HIV co-infection in children recieving anti-retroviral therapy in Imo State, Nigeria
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2023-07) Ogini, Ikenna Oluebube
Nearly 90% of children living with HIV and Tuberculosis are domiciled in Sub-Saharan Africa. While HIV and TB care has improved over the years, low and middle-income countries still fall behind. Given the paucity of data on TB-HIV co-infection in children, understanding the risk factors for co-infection in this age group has been difficult. In this study, we used a matched case-control study design to understand the risk factors of TB-HIV in children receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Imo, State, Nigeria. 30 TB-HIV incident cases and 90 control children living with HIV receiving ART were recruited from selected HIV treatment sites in Imo State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on family size, socioeconomic status, passive smoking, household food security, and household TB exposure. Our analysis included cases matched by age and gender in a ratio of 1:3 to controls. The study showed a prevalence of 6.2 in children receiving ART in Imo state. The largest proportion of study participants was among children aged 15-17 (39.2%). The risk of co-infection increased as the number of people living with the child increased. Having at least three people living with a child in a room was found significant in TB-HIV coinfection (p = 0.006, 95%CI for odds =1.76 – 28.78). Almost all items assessed for household food security were significant factors in TB-HIV co-infection. Reduced food intake for children was found to be a significant factor in TB-HIV coinfection (p=0.004, x 2 = 8.50). Having a family member living with HIV (p=0.016, x 2 = 5.75) or having symptoms of TB (p=0.0001, x 2 =50.39). The significant factors of passive smoking were the extent to which the respondents think they are exposed to tobacco smoke at home (p=0.0001, x 2 = 24.14), having some members of the family smoke inside the home (p=0.0001 x2 = 17.57), and having some degree of exposure to tobacco smoke in socialization areas outside the household (p=0.0001, x 2 = 22.80). None of the social-economic status factors assessed in this study was found significant for co-infection except those who earn income to support the family (p=0.023, x 2 = 11.36) and the hours of work they do each week (p=0.038, x 2 =6.54). This study showed that household food security, passive smoking, family size, and household TB exposure are associated with TB-HIV co-infection in children. Our data is consistent with other studies of TB-HIV co-infection that family size, exposure to tobacco smoke and socioeconomic status are associated with HIV-TB Co-infection. The study recommended the improvement of socioeconomic status and sensitization of families with HIV positive children to reduce tobacco exposure.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnacy among pregnant women with malaria attending antenantal clinic at Abia State University Teaching hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Abia State
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-09) Offiah, Anulika Jessica
This study on the Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among pregnant women attending Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba (ABSUTH) was carried out between March and April, 2018. The general aim of the study was to determine the influence of malaria on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at ABSUTH, Aba. The study design used in this research was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. This study design involved analyzing data from a population at one specific time. A total of sixty(60)pregnant women was drawn from a total population of seventy-one (71) pregnant women using the Taro Yammane sample size formula. The respondents were first tested for malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and those who tested positive for malaria were included in the daily study population and were given identification numbers to avoid counting an individual twice. The Taro Yammane sample size formula was applied to get the sample size for each day. Random sampling technique (Balloting) was used in selecting participants for the study after determining the study population for each day. A structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used to determine the socio-obstetric characteristics of the pregnant women, malaria parasite density was determined by microscopy, blood pressure of the women was determined using a Mercury sphygmo- manometer and urinalysis was carried out using Macherey-Nagel medi test combi-9 test strips. The data on socio-obstetric history of the pregnant women focused on three variables; maternal age, parity, and trimester. There was a significant relationship between HDPs and malaria parasite density among the pregnant women (X2 =10.40, P-Value = 0.034, df = 4). The result on the influence of maternal age on HDPs among the pregnant women with malaria showed a significant influence. Age ≤18 (X2 = 4.788, P-Value=0.309) and also among pregnant women between 26-44 years (X2 = 8.607, P-Value =0.071), on the contrary, there was no significant influence of maternal age on HDPs among pregnant
women with malaria, aged 19-25 years (X2 = 0.617, P-Value = 0.962) and among ≥45 year old pregnant women (X2 = 0.000, P-Value = 1.000). The result on the influence of trimester on HDPs among the women with malaria showed a significant influence across the three trimesters(X2 = 11.00, P-Value = 0.022, df =4). Also, the results showed a significant influence of parity on HDPs among the women (X2 =3.81, P-Value = 0.432, df = 4). The study has shown that malaria affects the blood pressure of pregnant women which might cause hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. It is therefore, necessary that pregnant women be enlightened on the importance of early ante-natal visits and the need for pregnant women to protect themselves against malaria.
Management of building collapse risks in Nigeria: A post mortem investigation
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2021-12) Obodoh, Dominic Anosike
The study focused on the management of building collapse risks (BCR) in Nigeria: A post mortem investigation. Management of building collapse risks has been saddled with a lot of challenges which had led to continuous rise in the risks associated with building collapse. The main objective of this research is to investigate the management of building collapse risks in Nigeria with a view to developing a framework for effective management and reduction of losses associated with building collapse in Nigeria. To achieve the main objective of the study, five specific objectives were pursued and four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A survey research design was adopted for data collection. The population of study was made up of key professionals in the building industry, Staff of emergency management agencies, as well as the neighbourhood of the collapsed building in the study areas and the total population is 24,229. A sample size of 1997 was determined using Taro Yamane formula for finite population, while the samples were selected using stratified random sampling technique. A total of 1860 correctly filled and returned copies of the questionnaire, representing 93% of the distributed copies of the questionnaire was used for data analysis. Data were presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts, while analysis was done using percentages, mean and relative important index (RII). The hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) via SPSS, version 23 and Minitab 18. The following findings were made from the analysis: (i) The existing system of managing building collapse risks in Nigeria is poor, ineffective and cannot adequately be used to address the risks associated with building collapse. (ii) The building collapse risks that mostly impact on the building development and Nigerian economy are economic/financial risks and human related risks. (iii) The prominent challenges faced by emergency management agencies are: lack of adequate funding, coordination and collaboration, poor urban planning, etc. (iv). The study developed and validated a framework for effective management of risks associated with building collapse in Nigeria, which is the major contribution to knowledge. The study therefore recommends adequate funding and monitoring of emergency management agencies, coordination and collaboration network among all stakeholders involved in disaster management, among others.
Organic petrology of campano-maastrichtian sediments in the Agbogugu-Leru axis, Anambra Basin, South Eastern Nigeria
(Federal University of Technology, Owerri, 2015-02) Obiukwu, Emenike Onyedikachi
Ten rock (n=10) samples were subjected to various geochemical analyses to determine organic petrology and paleoenvironment of early Cretaceous sediments in parts of the southern Anambra Basin. The procedure for the determination of the Total Organic Matter content and Rock Eval pyrolysis were achieved using LECO 600 analyzer with a TOC module. Extractible Organic Matter was determined by the use of Soxhlet Extractor while the biomarker distribution was ascertained with the Gas Chromatography. The results reveal that the Total Organic Content (TOC) of shale samples recovered from the Enugu Shale ranged from 0.72 to 4.94 wt % with an average of 2.64 wt %. Samples recovered from the Mamu Formation have TOC values ranging between 0.76 to 2.11 wt % with an average value of 1.49 wt %. These values essentially exceeded the threshold value of TOC ≥ 0.5 wt % requirements for shale rocks to qualify as petroleum source rocks. The values are therefore, suggestive of good to very good sources rocks. The Hydrogen Index (HI) values of sediments from Enugu Shale ranged between 43 to 547 mgHC/gTOC with an average value of 185.65 mgHC/gTOC, while those recovered from sections of the Mamu Formation have HI value of 27 to 54 mgHC/gTOC with an average value of 39.45 mgHC/gTOC. The corresponding Oxygen Index (OI) values ranging between 15 to 106 mgCO2/gTOC was recorded for Enugu Shale sediments with an average value of 59.2 mgCO2/gTOC. The analyzed sediments of the Mamu Formation on the other hand, revealed values of the range of 26 to 86 mgCO2/gTOC, with average of 49.4 mgCO2/gTOC. These results showed that the Enugu and Mamu Formation sediments are dominated by type III kerogen and mixed type II/III kerogens. The maximum Temperature
(Tmax) ranged from 424 to 4390C with an average of 4320C and 417 to 4410C with an average of 4310C for sediments from the Enugu and Mamu Formations, respectively. These temperature values are indicative of immature to transitionally early mature source rocks. The dominant vitrinite maceral group in the analyzed shale samples ranged between 39 to 59 %; Inertnites, between 11 to 18 % while the liptinites ranged between 9 to 21 %. These bio facies in the shale samples from the Enugu and Mamu Formations were derived from the structural parts of plants that are deficient in hydrogen. The sediments are thus deposited in a suboxic but low PH paleo-depositional environment containing moderately to fairly rich organic matter. This source rock has the potential to generate gas rather than oil given sufficient maturity.